References

From binaryoption
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Баннер1
  1. References

Introduction

References are a cornerstone of credible writing, especially within a collaborative knowledge base like a Wiki. They allow readers to verify the information presented, explore the topic further, and understand the basis for claims made. This article will comprehensively guide you through using references in MediaWiki, specifically tailored for version 1.40. We will cover the fundamental concepts, different referencing styles, troubleshooting common issues, and best practices for maintaining a high-quality wiki. Understanding references is crucial for building a trustworthy and informative resource. We'll delve into how they impact the overall quality of a page and how they contribute to the principles of Neutral Point of View.

Why Use References?

Before diving into the "how," let's clarify the "why." Using references is *not* optional in a serious wiki. Here's why they are essential:

  • **Verifiability:** References allow readers to check the source of the information. This builds trust and allows for independent confirmation.
  • **Credibility:** Citing reliable sources enhances the credibility of your contributions. Unreferenced claims can be easily challenged and removed.
  • **Avoiding Original Research:** Wikis generally discourage Original Research. References demonstrate that the information is based on existing, published knowledge.
  • **Attribution:** Giving credit to the original authors and researchers is ethically important.
  • **Further Research:** References provide a pathway for readers to explore the topic in greater depth. They can follow the links to the source material and learn more.
  • **Dispute Resolution:** In cases of disagreement, references can be used to support or refute claims. They provide a neutral basis for discussion.
  • **Maintaining Accuracy**: Sources can become outdated. Proper referencing allows for easy updating and correction of information when source material changes.

Basic Reference Syntax

MediaWiki uses a flexible system for adding references, primarily relying on the `<ref>` tag. Here's the basic structure:

```wiki Text with a claim that needs a reference.<ref>Citation information here.</ref> ```

The text within the `<ref>` tags is what will appear in the references list at the bottom of the page. However, this raw text isn't very user-friendly. MediaWiki offers several ways to format this information.

Reference Styles

There are several ways to format your references. The best approach depends on the complexity of the source and the desired level of detail.

  • **Simple Text:** The most basic method. Useful for quick citations. Example: `<ref>Example Website, Accessed 2023-10-27</ref>`
  • **Named References:** Allows you to reuse the same reference multiple times without retyping it. This is especially useful for frequently cited sources.
   ```wiki
   Text needing a reference.<ref name="ExampleWebsite">Example Website, Accessed 2023-10-27</ref>

   Another piece of text needing the same reference.<ref name="ExampleWebsite" />
   ```
  • **Inline Citations:** These appear directly within the text, often using footnotes. This is the most common and recommended style.
  • **List-Defined References:** More complex, allowing for detailed formatting and organization. This is typically used for academic or highly technical articles. See the "Advanced Techniques" section below.

Common Reference Formats

Regardless of the style, it's important to be consistent with your formatting. Here are some common formats for different types of sources:

  • **Websites:** `Author (if available). "Page Title." Website Name. URL. Accessed Date.` Example: `<ref>Investopedia. "Technical Analysis." https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/technicalanalysis.asp. Accessed 2023-10-27</ref>`
  • **Books:** `Author. *Book Title*. Publisher, Year.` Example: `<ref>Murphy, John J. *Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets*. New York Institute of Finance, 1999.</ref>`
  • **Journal Articles:** `Author(s). "Article Title." *Journal Name*, Volume, Issue, Pages, Year.` Example: `<ref>Malkiel, Burton G. "The Efficient Market Hypothesis." *The Journal of Economic Perspectives*, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 3-16, 1991.</ref>`
  • **News Articles:** `Author. "Article Title." *Newspaper Name*, Date, Page (if applicable). URL.` Example: `<ref>Reuters. "Oil Prices Rise on Supply Concerns." *The New York Times*, October 26, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/business/energy/oil-prices.html</ref>`
  • **Reports:** `Authoring Organization. *Report Title*. Publisher, Year. URL.` Example: `<ref>Federal Reserve. *Monetary Policy Report to Congress*. July 2023. https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/monetarypolicyreport202307.pdf</ref>`

Remember to be as complete and accurate as possible with your citations. Missing information makes it difficult for readers to verify the source.

Displaying References: The `<references>` Tag

Simply adding `<ref>` tags doesn't automatically display the references list. You need to use the `<references>` tag. This tag tells MediaWiki to gather all the `<ref>` tags on the page and format them into a list.

  • **`<references />`:** This creates a simple, numbered list of references. This is the most common and recommended option.
  • **`<references responsive />`:** (Available in newer versions) Creates a responsive list that adapts to different screen sizes.
  • **`<references small />`:** Creates a smaller, more compact list.

The `<references>` tag should typically be placed at the end of the article, usually within a section titled "References" or "Notes and References". It's best practice to create a dedicated "References" heading using `== References ==` to clearly delineate the section.

Advanced Techniques

  • **Using Templates:** For frequently cited sources or specific types of publications, consider creating a Template to standardize the formatting. This saves time and ensures consistency. For example, you could create a template for citing Investopedia articles.
  • **List-Defined References (Named Groups):** This allows you to categorize references into different groups. Useful for separating notes, bibliography, and other types of sources.
   ```wiki
   Text with a note.<ref name="note1" group="notes">This is a footnote.</ref>

   Another text with a bibliography entry.<ref name="bib1" group="bibliography">Author, Book Title, Year.</ref>

   <references group="notes" />
   <references group="bibliography" />
   ```
  • **Using Citation Styles (Cite Templates):** MediaWiki supports a variety of cite templates (e.g., `
  1. Template:Cite web

Template:Cite web is a fundamental citation template used on Wikipedia and other MediaWiki-based wikis, including this one, to consistently format citations for web pages. It’s a crucial tool for maintaining the credibility and verifiability of information presented within articles. This article provides a comprehensive guide to using the template, covering its parameters, best practices, and troubleshooting tips for beginners. Understanding and utilizing this template effectively is a cornerstone of responsible content creation.

What is a Citation and Why is it Important?

Before diving into the specifics of `Template:Cite web`, it's essential to understand *why* we cite sources. Citations serve several critical purposes:

  • **Verifiability:** They allow readers to independently verify the information presented in an article. Readers can follow the links and assess the source themselves.
  • **Credibility:** Citing reputable sources enhances the credibility of the article and the editor who wrote it.
  • **Avoiding Plagiarism:** Properly citing sources avoids plagiarism, which is a serious ethical violation.
  • **Context & Further Research:** Citations provide context and allow readers to explore the topic in greater depth.
  • **Maintaining Neutrality:** Relying on cited sources helps ensure that information presented is based on evidence rather than personal opinion. This is particularly important when discussing Technical Analysis or interpreting Market Trends.

The Basics of Template:Cite web

`Template:Cite web` is designed to streamline the process of creating citations for online resources. Instead of manually formatting each citation, the template automatically generates a standardized citation format based on the information you provide.

To use the template, you simply insert it into your article text, filling in the relevant parameters. The basic syntax is:

```wiki <ref>Template loop detected: Template:Cite web</ref> ```

Let's break down each parameter:

  • **`author`**: The author of the web page. If no individual author is identified, use the organization or website responsible for the content. For example, "Reuters" or "Investopedia". Consider how authorship impacts the reliability of a source when analyzing Trading Signals.
  • **`url`**: The direct URL (web address) of the page. This is *essential*. Without a valid URL, the citation is effectively useless. Ensure the URL is stable and unlikely to change.
  • **`title`**: The title of the web page. This should be enclosed in quotation marks if it's the title of an article or webpage.
  • **`publisher`**: The name of the website or organization that publishes the web page. This is often different from the author. For instance, the author might be a journalist writing for a news website.
  • **`date`**: The date the web page was published or last updated. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD (e.g., 2023-10-27). The date is crucial for assessing the timeliness of information, especially when discussing volatile Financial Instruments.
  • **`accessdate`**: The date you accessed the web page. This is important because web pages can change over time. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD. This demonstrates the information was available at the time of writing.
  • **`archiveurl`**: The URL of an archived version of the web page (e.g., from the Wayback Machine – [1]). Archiving is *highly recommended* as websites can disappear or change their content.
  • **`archivedate`**: The date the page was archived. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD.
  • **`quote`**: A short, relevant quote from the web page. Use sparingly; it's not always necessary.
  • **`pages`**: If the information comes from a specific page or section within a longer web document, indicate the page number or section title here.

Example Usage

Let's illustrate with an example. Suppose you want to cite an article on Investopedia about the Moving Average indicator:

```wiki <ref>Template loop detected: Template:Cite web</ref> ```

This will generate a citation that looks something like this:

"Moving Average." Investopedia. Accessed October 27, 2023. [2](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp). Archived October 27, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.

Common Parameters and Advanced Options

Beyond the basic parameters, `Template:Cite web` offers several other useful options:

  • **`format`**: Specifies the format of the source (e.g., HTML, PDF, EPUB). Useful when citing downloadable reports or documents.
  • **`language`**: The language of the web page. Use the two-letter ISO 639-1 code (e.g., "en" for English, "es" for Spanish).
  • **`trans_title`**: A translation of the title into the article's language. Use this if the original title is in a different language.
  • **`work`**: The name of the overall work or website that contains the page (e.g., the name of a newspaper if the page is an article from that newspaper).
  • **`loc`**: Location within the work (e.g., section title).
  • **`first`**: The first name of the author.
  • **`last`**: The last name of the author. Using `first` and `last` allows for more consistent author formatting.
  • **`authorlink`**: A link to the author's Wikipedia page (if they have one).
  • **`coauthors`**: Used to list multiple authors.
  • **`ref`**: Allows you to assign a custom reference name (useful for reusing the same source multiple times).

Best Practices for Using Template:Cite web

  • **Always include a URL:** This is the most important part of the citation.
  • **Archive web pages:** Use the Wayback Machine or another archiving service to preserve the source in case the original page disappears or changes.
  • **Be consistent:** Follow a consistent citation style throughout the article.
  • **Use accurate dates:** Double-check the publication and access dates.
  • **Provide complete information:** Fill in as many parameters as possible.
  • **Avoid bare URLs:** Never include a URL without a proper citation using `Template:Cite web` or another appropriate template. Bare URLs look unprofessional and don’t provide enough context.
  • **Check for broken links:** Regularly check your citations to ensure the URLs are still working. Tools like Broken Link Detection can help.
  • **Consider the source's reliability:** Evaluate the credibility of the source before citing it. Is it a reputable organization? Is the author an expert in the field? This is important when evaluating Trading Strategies.
  • **Format dates correctly:** Always use the YYYY-MM-DD format.
  • **Understand different Candlestick Patterns and their sources.**
  • **Be mindful of Bollinger Bands and the sources that explain them.**
  • **Research the origins of Fibonacci Retracements and cite accordingly.**
  • **Explore different Elliott Wave Theory interpretations and their cited origins.**
  • **Understand the historical context of Dow Theory and cite its proponents.**

Troubleshooting Common Issues

  • **Citation not displaying correctly:** Check for syntax errors in the template. Make sure all brackets and equal signs are in the correct places.
  • **Broken link:** The URL may be incorrect or the web page may have been removed. Try to find an archived version or a different source.
  • **Citation style inconsistent:** Review the article's style guide and ensure you're following the guidelines.
  • **Error message:** Pay attention to any error messages that appear when you save the page. These messages can often provide clues about the problem.
  • **Incorrect date format:** Ensure dates are in YYYY-MM-DD format.
  • **Archive URL not working:** Verify the archive URL is correct and points to a valid archived version of the page.

Related Templates and Resources

Start Trading Now

Sign up at IQ Option (Minimum deposit $10) Open an account at Pocket Option (Minimum deposit $5)

Join Our Community

Subscribe to our Telegram channel @strategybin to receive: ✓ Daily trading signals ✓ Exclusive strategy analysis ✓ Market trend alerts ✓ Educational materials for beginners`, `

  1. Template:Cite book – A Beginner's Guide

Template:Cite book is a fundamental tool in MediaWiki for consistently and accurately citing books as sources within your articles. Proper citation is crucial for maintaining the credibility and verifiability of information presented on a wiki. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to using Template:Cite book, covering its purpose, parameters, usage examples, common issues, and best practices. This guide is geared towards beginners but also includes details useful for more experienced editors.

What is Template:Cite book and Why Use It?

Template:Cite book is a pre-defined, reusable format for displaying book citations. Instead of manually formatting each citation, you use the template and fill in specific parameters (details about the book). This offers several advantages:

  • Consistency: Ensures all book citations follow a uniform style, improving the overall aesthetic and readability of the wiki. This is vital for Wikipedia's verifiability policy.
  • Efficiency: Saves time and effort compared to manually formatting citations.
  • Accuracy: Reduces the risk of errors in citation details.
  • Maintainability: If the citation style needs to be updated, it only needs to be changed in the template, and all instances using the template will automatically reflect the changes. This is a key benefit of using templates in complex wikis.
  • Data Structure: Provides structured data that can be used for generating bibliographies or other lists of sources.

Without a consistent citation method, articles can appear unprofessional and unreliable. Template:Cite book, and other citation templates like Template:Cite web and Template:Cite journal, are essential for creating a trustworthy knowledge base.

Basic Usage

The most basic form of using Template:Cite book is as follows:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

This will generate a citation that looks something like this:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. *Book Title*. Publisher Name, Year.

However, this is a very simplified example. Template:Cite book offers a wide range of parameters to accommodate different types of books and citation requirements.

Template Parameters

Here's a detailed breakdown of the available parameters for Template:Cite book:

  • `last` (required): The author's last name.
  • `first` (required): The author's first name.
  • `authorlink` (optional): A link to the author's Wikipedia page (if available). Example: `authorlink = John Doe`
  • `title` (required): The title of the book.
  • `titlelink` (optional): A link to the book's Wikipedia page (if available). Example: `titlelink = The Wealth of Nations`
  • `year` (required): The year the book was published.
  • `publisher` (required): The name of the publisher.
  • `location` (optional): The city or location of the publisher. Example: `location = New York`
  • `pages` (optional): The total number of pages in the book. Example: `pages = 352`
  • `page` (optional): The specific page(s) being cited. Example: `page = 25-27` or `page = 10`
  • `chapter` (optional): The chapter title. Example: `chapter = The Invisible Hand`
  • `chapterurl` (optional): A URL to the chapter online (if available).
  • `id` (optional): An identifier for the book, such as an ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Example: `id = 978-0321765723`
  • `isbn` (optional): Specifically for ISBN. This is often preferred over `id` for ISBNs. Example: `isbn = 978-0321765723`
  • `oclc` (optional): The OCLC number (Online Computer Library Center).
  • `doi` (optional): The Digital Object Identifier (DOI). This is becoming increasingly common for academic publications.
  • `accessdate` (optional): The date you accessed the book online (if applicable). Use the format `YYYY-MM-DD`. Example: `accessdate = 2023-10-27`
  • `format` (optional): The format of the book (e.g., hardcover, paperback, ebook).
  • `ref` (optional): Allows for custom reference names. Useful for complex citations or when referring to the same source multiple times. Example: `ref = Smith2023`
  • `mode` (optional): Controls the display mode. Defaults to "cs1". Other options may exist depending on the wiki's configuration.

Understanding these parameters is key to using Template:Cite book effectively. Always provide as much information as possible to ensure a complete and accurate citation.

Examples of Usage

Let's look at some examples demonstrating how to use Template:Cite book with different combinations of parameters:

Example 1: Basic Citation with ISBN

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 2: Citation with Chapter and Page Numbers

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 3: Citation with Author Link and DOI

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 4: Citation with Location and Accessdate (for online books)

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

These examples illustrate the flexibility of Template:Cite book. Adapt the parameters to fit the specific details of the book you are citing. Remember to check the specific citation style guide required by the wiki you are editing. Wikipedia's Manual of Style provides detailed guidance on citation formats.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting

  • Missing Required Parameters: The template will usually display an error message if you omit required parameters (like `last`, `first`, `title`, `year`, and `publisher`).
  • Incorrect Parameter Names: Double-check that you are using the correct parameter names (e.g., `isbn` instead of `ISBN`).
  • Formatting Errors: Ensure dates are in the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD). Also, verify that ISBNs and DOIs are entered correctly.
  • Rendering Problems: Sometimes, the template might not render correctly due to conflicts with other templates or wiki code. Try simplifying the citation or contacting the wiki's administrators for assistance.
  • Broken Links: If you are including a URL, verify that the link is still active. Broken links detract from the credibility of the citation.
  • Conflicting Information: Ensure the information you provide is consistent across all parameters. For example, the publication year should match the information provided by the publisher.

If you encounter issues, consult the template's documentation page (usually linked from the template itself) or ask for help on the wiki's help pages.

Best Practices for Using Template:Cite book

  • Be Consistent: Follow a consistent citation style throughout the article.
  • Be Accurate: Double-check all information before submitting the citation.
  • Be Complete: Provide as much information as possible to ensure a comprehensive citation.
  • Use Author Links: If the author has a Wikipedia page, include an author link.
  • Use ISBNs or DOIs: Whenever available, use ISBNs or DOIs to uniquely identify the book.
  • Use `ref` for Repeated Citations: If you are citing the same book multiple times, use the `ref` parameter to create a named reference. This avoids cluttering the article with redundant citations.
  • Preview Your Work: Always preview your changes before saving to ensure the citation is rendering correctly.
  • Consult Style Guides: Familiarize yourself with the specific citation style guide required by the wiki you are editing. Chicago Manual of Style is a widely respected source.

By following these best practices, you can ensure that your citations are accurate, consistent, and contribute to the overall quality of the wiki. Understanding concepts like risk management and technical analysis is crucial for reliable information, and proper citation supports that.

Advanced Usage & Related Templates

For more complex citation needs, consider these advanced techniques and related templates:

  • Using `|separator=` : This parameter allows you to customize the separator between elements in the citation.
  • Using `|postscript=` : Adds a postscript to the citation.
  • Using `|laysummary=` : Controls whether the citation appears in a "lay summary" format.
  • Combining with Other Templates: You can combine Template:Cite book with other templates to create more complex citations. For example, you might use Template:Citation to wrap the citation and add additional formatting.
  • Utilizing Categories: Some wikis use categories to organize citations. Check if the wiki has specific category guidelines for citations.
  • Exploring Citation Style Options: Some wikis allow you to choose different citation styles (e.g., MLA, APA). Check the wiki's settings to see if this option is available.
  • Understanding Candlestick patterns: While not directly related to citation, understanding market signals and trends enhances the quality of the information you source and cite.
  • Applying Fibonacci retracement: Similar to candlestick patterns, this analytical tool relies on accurate data, making proper sourcing essential.
  • Analyzing Moving averages: Crucial for trend identification, relies on accurate historical data found in cited sources.
  • Considering Bollinger Bands: Volatility indicators require precise data, reinforcing the importance of reliable citations.
  • Exploring Relative Strength Index (RSI): A momentum oscillator that relies on accurate price data from cited sources.
  • Understanding MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): Another momentum indicator requiring accurate historical data.
  • Analyzing Elliott Wave Theory: A complex theory requiring accurate historical data and interpretation.
  • Considering Ichimoku Cloud: A comprehensive indicator requiring accurate data and understanding.
  • Exploring Support and Resistance levels: Understanding these levels relies on accurate historical data.
  • Analyzing Trend lines: Identifying trends requires accurate data and interpretation.
  • Understanding Volume analysis: Volume data is crucial, reinforcing the need for reliable sources.
  • Applying Chart patterns: Identifying patterns relies on accurate data visualization.
  • Considering Stochastic Oscillator: Another momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Exploring Average True Range: A volatility indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Analyzing Donchian Channels: Volatility indicators relying on accurate data.
  • Understanding Parabolic SAR: A trailing stop and reversal indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Considering Commodity Channel Index: A momentum indicator relying on accurate data.
  • Exploring Williams %R: Another momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Analyzing On Balance Volume: A momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Understanding Accumulation/Distribution Line: A momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Considering Keltner Channels: Volatility indicator relying on accurate data.
  • Exploring Heikin Ashi: Charting technique requiring accurate data.


Help:Contents provides additional resources for editing on MediaWiki. MediaWiki talk:Cite book is the discussion page for the template itself. Wikipedia:Citing sources offers comprehensive guidance on citation practices.

Start Trading Now

Sign up at IQ Option (Minimum deposit $10) Open an account at Pocket Option (Minimum deposit $5)

Join Our Community

Subscribe to our Telegram channel @strategybin to receive: ✓ Daily trading signals ✓ Exclusive strategy analysis ✓ Market trend alerts ✓ Educational materials for beginners`, `Template:Cite journal`) that automatically format citations according to specific styles (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). These templates can be found by searching for "Citation templates" within the wiki. Using these templates dramatically simplifies the process and ensures consistent formatting.

  • **Harvcat and Cite Templates:** Combining the `Template:Harvcat` template with cite templates allows for short, in-text citations (e.g., (Smith, 2023)) that link to the full citation in the references list. This is a powerful technique for complex articles with many sources.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

  • **References Not Displaying:** Ensure you have the `<references />` tag in the correct location. Double-check that the tags are correctly nested and that there are no typos.
  • **Incorrect Formatting:** Review your citation format and ensure it adheres to the chosen style guide. Use templates to simplify formatting and reduce errors.
  • **Broken Links:** Regularly check your references to ensure the links are still active. Use the WebCite service or similar archiving tools to preserve links that may be unstable.
  • **Duplicate References:** Use named references to avoid redundant citations.
  • **Reference Errors:** MediaWiki often provides error messages if there are issues with your references. Pay attention to these messages and correct the errors accordingly.
  • **Rendering Issues:** Sometimes, complex references can cause rendering problems. Try simplifying the references or using a different formatting approach.

Best Practices

  • **Use Reliable Sources:** Prioritize academic journals, reputable news organizations, government reports, and books from established publishers. Avoid blogs, forums, and other unreliable sources.
  • **Be Specific:** Provide as much detail as possible in your citations, including author, title, publication date, and URL.
  • **Be Consistent:** Choose a citation style and adhere to it throughout the article.
  • **Verify Information:** Double-check the accuracy of your citations before submitting them.
  • **Cite Every Claim:** Any statement that is not common knowledge should be supported by a reference.
  • **Avoid Self-Citation:** Generally, avoid citing your own work unless it is directly relevant and necessary.
  • **Regularly Review and Update:** Periodically review your references to ensure they are still accurate and relevant.
  • **Understand Copyright**: Be aware of the copyright implications of using sourced material.


Further Reading and Resources

Help:Editing MediaWiki:Common.css MediaWiki:Common.js Manual of Style Verifiability No Original Research Neutral Point of View Templates

Start Trading Now

Sign up at IQ Option (Minimum deposit $10) Open an account at Pocket Option (Minimum deposit $5)

Join Our Community

Subscribe to our Telegram channel @strategybin to receive: ✓ Daily trading signals ✓ Exclusive strategy analysis ✓ Market trend alerts ✓ Educational materials for beginners [[Category:]]

Баннер
Retrieved from "https://binaryoption.wiki/index.php?title=References&oldid=92900"