Verifiability

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  1. Verifiability

Verifiability is a core principle of Wikipedia, and by extension, any collaborative knowledge base built on the MediaWiki platform, like this one. It dictates that all material added to articles *must* be attributable to a reliable, published source. This isn't about whether information is *true*, but whether it can be *verified*. This article will comprehensively explain verifiability, its importance, how to achieve it, common pitfalls, and its relationship to other Wikipedia policies. Understanding verifiability is essential for any contributor aiming to build a high-quality, trustworthy wiki.

What Does Verifiability Mean?

At its heart, verifiability means that readers should be able to check that information in an article is supported by a source. It's not enough for an editor to *believe* something is true; it must be demonstrably supported by evidence accessible to others. This evidence comes in the form of citations to reliable sources.

Think of it like building a house. Each fact in an article is a brick. Without mortar (the citation), the brick simply falls. A strong, reliable house (a well-written, trustworthy article) requires solid bricks *and* strong mortar.

Crucially, verifiability doesn’t require that *everyone* be able to access the source (though that's ideal). It requires that the source *exists* and is reasonably accessible to someone who wants to verify the information. Paywalls can be a challenge (discussed later), but a source behind a paywall is still acceptable if it's considered a reliable source.

Why is Verifiability Important?

Verifiability is the cornerstone of a credible encyclopedia. Without it, the wiki becomes a collection of opinions and potentially inaccurate information, diminishing its value as a reference resource. Here's a breakdown of its importance:

  • **Building Trust:** Readers need to be confident that the information they're reading is accurate and reliable. Citations provide that confidence.
  • **Facilitating Fact-Checking:** Verifiability allows other editors and readers to review the sources and confirm the information. This collaborative verification process improves the overall quality of the wiki.
  • **Preventing Original Research:** The principle prevents editors from adding their own thoughts, analyses, or interpretations without grounding them in existing published sources. This is a core tenet of Wikipedia's neutrality and objectivity. See also No Original Research.
  • **Resolving Disputes:** When disagreements arise about the content of an article, verifiable sources provide a basis for resolving those disputes. Editors can refer to the sources to determine the most accurate and neutral presentation of the information.
  • **Maintaining Accuracy:** Information changes over time. Verifiable sources allow for easier updates and corrections as new information becomes available.
  • **Combating Misinformation:** A commitment to verifiability helps to counter the spread of false or misleading information.

What Counts as a Reliable Source?

Not all sources are created equal. Verifiability requires citing *reliable* sources. Here are some generally accepted reliable sources:

  • **Academic Journals:** Peer-reviewed articles published in academic journals are considered highly reliable.
  • **Books Published by Reputable Publishers:** Books published by university presses, established academic publishers, or well-known publishing houses are generally reliable.
  • **Newspapers and Magazines with a Reputation for Fact-Checking:** Major national and international newspapers (e.g., The New York Times, The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal) and magazines (e.g., The Economist, Scientific American) are generally reliable.
  • **Government Reports and Publications:** Reports and publications from governmental agencies are often considered reliable, especially for factual information.
  • **Reputable News Agencies:** Associated Press (AP), Reuters, and similar news agencies are generally reliable.
  • **Expert Sources:** Statements from recognized experts in their field, published in reliable sources, are acceptable.

Here are sources to generally *avoid*:

  • **Self-Published Sources:** Blogs, personal websites, social media posts, and forums are generally not considered reliable.
  • **Unreliable Websites:** Websites with a clear bias, a lack of editorial oversight, or a history of inaccuracy should be avoided.
  • **Primary Sources (Used Incorrectly):** While primary sources (original documents, research data) can be used, they should not be used to make claims about the interpretation of the source itself. They are best used to support claims made *in* secondary sources. For example, a scientific paper (primary source) should not be used to argue its conclusions are universally accepted; instead, cite a review article (secondary source) that *states* the conclusions are accepted.
  • **Press Releases:** Press releases are promotional materials and should be treated with caution.
  • **Mirrors and Forks of Websites:** If a website is mirrored or forked, cite the original source.
  • **User-Generated Content:** Wikis (other than this one, when referencing its own content), message boards, and similar platforms are generally not reliable.

Remember to consider the source's reputation, potential biases, and the quality of its fact-checking process. Identifying Reliable Sources provides more in-depth guidance.

How to Add Citations

MediaWiki uses a specific syntax for adding citations. The most common method is using the `<ref>` tag.

Here's the basic format:

`<ref>Citation text here, including author, title, publication, and date.</ref>`

This will create a footnote in the article. You can then use the `== Template:Reflist ==

The Template:Reflist is a useful tool in MediaWiki for organizing and displaying references in a clean and structured manner. It is commonly used in articles to list citations, sources, or footnotes. This template helps readers easily navigate through the references provided in the article, ensuring transparency and credibility.

How to Use Template:Reflist

To use the Template:Reflist, simply add the following code at the end of your article, where you want the references to appear:

``` == References == {{Reflist}} ```

This will automatically generate a list of all the references used in the article, formatted neatly for readability.

Example of Binary Options Trading

Binary options trading is a popular financial instrument that allows traders to predict the price movement of assets like stocks, currencies, or commodities. Here’s an example of how binary options trading works:

  • **Asset**: EUR/USD (Euro vs. US Dollar)
  • **Prediction**: The trader predicts that the price of EUR/USD will rise in the next 5 minutes.
  • **Investment**: $50
  • **Outcome**: If the price rises within the specified time, the trader earns a profit (e.g., 80% return). If the price falls, the trader loses the investment.

Getting Started with Binary Options Trading

If you’re new to binary options trading, here’s how you can get started:

1. **Register on a Trading Platform**: Choose a reliable platform like IQ Option or Pocket Option to create your account. 2. **Learn the Basics**: Familiarize yourself with how binary options work, including terms like "call" (price rise) and "put" (price fall). 3. **Start with a Demo Account**: Practice trading with virtual money to build confidence and understand the platform. 4. **Deposit Funds**: Once you’re ready, deposit a small amount to start trading with real money.

Risk Management Tips

Binary options trading can be risky, so it’s important to manage your risks effectively:

  • **Set a Budget**: Only invest money you can afford to lose.
  • **Use Stop-Loss Orders**: Limit potential losses by setting a stop-loss level.
  • **Diversify Your Trades**: Avoid putting all your money into a single trade.
  • **Stay Informed**: Keep up with market news and trends to make informed decisions.

Tips for Beginners

Here are some tips to help beginners succeed in binary options trading:

  • **Start Small**: Begin with small investments and gradually increase as you gain experience.
  • **Use Technical Analysis**: Learn to read charts and use indicators to predict price movements.
  • **Avoid Emotional Trading**: Stick to your strategy and avoid making impulsive decisions.
  • **Take Breaks**: Don’t overtrade. Take breaks to clear your mind and avoid burnout.

Conclusion

The Template:Reflist is a valuable tool for organizing references in MediaWiki articles. Similarly, binary options trading requires careful planning and risk management to succeed. By following the tips and strategies outlined above, beginners can start their trading journey with confidence. Don’t forget to register on IQ Option or Pocket Option to begin your trading adventure today!

Happy trading!

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Subscribe to our Telegram channel @strategybin for analytics, free signals, and much more!` template to display the list of footnotes at the end of the section or article.

For example:

"The stock market experienced a significant rally in 2023.<ref>Smith, J. (2024). *Market Analysis 2023*. New York: Financial Press.</ref>"

This would appear in the article as:

"The stock market experienced a significant rally in 2023.[1]"

And at the end of the section (or article), the following would appear:

References

[1] Smith, J. (2024). *Market Analysis 2023*. New York: Financial Press.

There are more sophisticated citation styles available using templates like `

  1. Template:Cite book – A Beginner's Guide

Template:Cite book is a fundamental tool in MediaWiki for consistently and accurately citing books as sources within your articles. Proper citation is crucial for maintaining the credibility and verifiability of information presented on a wiki. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to using Template:Cite book, covering its purpose, parameters, usage examples, common issues, and best practices. This guide is geared towards beginners but also includes details useful for more experienced editors.

What is Template:Cite book and Why Use It?

Template:Cite book is a pre-defined, reusable format for displaying book citations. Instead of manually formatting each citation, you use the template and fill in specific parameters (details about the book). This offers several advantages:

  • Consistency: Ensures all book citations follow a uniform style, improving the overall aesthetic and readability of the wiki. This is vital for Wikipedia's verifiability policy.
  • Efficiency: Saves time and effort compared to manually formatting citations.
  • Accuracy: Reduces the risk of errors in citation details.
  • Maintainability: If the citation style needs to be updated, it only needs to be changed in the template, and all instances using the template will automatically reflect the changes. This is a key benefit of using templates in complex wikis.
  • Data Structure: Provides structured data that can be used for generating bibliographies or other lists of sources.

Without a consistent citation method, articles can appear unprofessional and unreliable. Template:Cite book, and other citation templates like Template:Cite web and Template:Cite journal, are essential for creating a trustworthy knowledge base.

Basic Usage

The most basic form of using Template:Cite book is as follows:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

This will generate a citation that looks something like this:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. *Book Title*. Publisher Name, Year.

However, this is a very simplified example. Template:Cite book offers a wide range of parameters to accommodate different types of books and citation requirements.

Template Parameters

Here's a detailed breakdown of the available parameters for Template:Cite book:

  • `last` (required): The author's last name.
  • `first` (required): The author's first name.
  • `authorlink` (optional): A link to the author's Wikipedia page (if available). Example: `authorlink = John Doe`
  • `title` (required): The title of the book.
  • `titlelink` (optional): A link to the book's Wikipedia page (if available). Example: `titlelink = The Wealth of Nations`
  • `year` (required): The year the book was published.
  • `publisher` (required): The name of the publisher.
  • `location` (optional): The city or location of the publisher. Example: `location = New York`
  • `pages` (optional): The total number of pages in the book. Example: `pages = 352`
  • `page` (optional): The specific page(s) being cited. Example: `page = 25-27` or `page = 10`
  • `chapter` (optional): The chapter title. Example: `chapter = The Invisible Hand`
  • `chapterurl` (optional): A URL to the chapter online (if available).
  • `id` (optional): An identifier for the book, such as an ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Example: `id = 978-0321765723`
  • `isbn` (optional): Specifically for ISBN. This is often preferred over `id` for ISBNs. Example: `isbn = 978-0321765723`
  • `oclc` (optional): The OCLC number (Online Computer Library Center).
  • `doi` (optional): The Digital Object Identifier (DOI). This is becoming increasingly common for academic publications.
  • `accessdate` (optional): The date you accessed the book online (if applicable). Use the format `YYYY-MM-DD`. Example: `accessdate = 2023-10-27`
  • `format` (optional): The format of the book (e.g., hardcover, paperback, ebook).
  • `ref` (optional): Allows for custom reference names. Useful for complex citations or when referring to the same source multiple times. Example: `ref = Smith2023`
  • `mode` (optional): Controls the display mode. Defaults to "cs1". Other options may exist depending on the wiki's configuration.

Understanding these parameters is key to using Template:Cite book effectively. Always provide as much information as possible to ensure a complete and accurate citation.

Examples of Usage

Let's look at some examples demonstrating how to use Template:Cite book with different combinations of parameters:

Example 1: Basic Citation with ISBN

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 2: Citation with Chapter and Page Numbers

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 3: Citation with Author Link and DOI

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 4: Citation with Location and Accessdate (for online books)

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

These examples illustrate the flexibility of Template:Cite book. Adapt the parameters to fit the specific details of the book you are citing. Remember to check the specific citation style guide required by the wiki you are editing. Wikipedia's Manual of Style provides detailed guidance on citation formats.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting

  • Missing Required Parameters: The template will usually display an error message if you omit required parameters (like `last`, `first`, `title`, `year`, and `publisher`).
  • Incorrect Parameter Names: Double-check that you are using the correct parameter names (e.g., `isbn` instead of `ISBN`).
  • Formatting Errors: Ensure dates are in the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD). Also, verify that ISBNs and DOIs are entered correctly.
  • Rendering Problems: Sometimes, the template might not render correctly due to conflicts with other templates or wiki code. Try simplifying the citation or contacting the wiki's administrators for assistance.
  • Broken Links: If you are including a URL, verify that the link is still active. Broken links detract from the credibility of the citation.
  • Conflicting Information: Ensure the information you provide is consistent across all parameters. For example, the publication year should match the information provided by the publisher.

If you encounter issues, consult the template's documentation page (usually linked from the template itself) or ask for help on the wiki's help pages.

Best Practices for Using Template:Cite book

  • Be Consistent: Follow a consistent citation style throughout the article.
  • Be Accurate: Double-check all information before submitting the citation.
  • Be Complete: Provide as much information as possible to ensure a comprehensive citation.
  • Use Author Links: If the author has a Wikipedia page, include an author link.
  • Use ISBNs or DOIs: Whenever available, use ISBNs or DOIs to uniquely identify the book.
  • Use `ref` for Repeated Citations: If you are citing the same book multiple times, use the `ref` parameter to create a named reference. This avoids cluttering the article with redundant citations.
  • Preview Your Work: Always preview your changes before saving to ensure the citation is rendering correctly.
  • Consult Style Guides: Familiarize yourself with the specific citation style guide required by the wiki you are editing. Chicago Manual of Style is a widely respected source.

By following these best practices, you can ensure that your citations are accurate, consistent, and contribute to the overall quality of the wiki. Understanding concepts like risk management and technical analysis is crucial for reliable information, and proper citation supports that.

Advanced Usage & Related Templates

For more complex citation needs, consider these advanced techniques and related templates:

  • Using `|separator=` : This parameter allows you to customize the separator between elements in the citation.
  • Using `|postscript=` : Adds a postscript to the citation.
  • Using `|laysummary=` : Controls whether the citation appears in a "lay summary" format.
  • Combining with Other Templates: You can combine Template:Cite book with other templates to create more complex citations. For example, you might use Template:Citation to wrap the citation and add additional formatting.
  • Utilizing Categories: Some wikis use categories to organize citations. Check if the wiki has specific category guidelines for citations.
  • Exploring Citation Style Options: Some wikis allow you to choose different citation styles (e.g., MLA, APA). Check the wiki's settings to see if this option is available.
  • Understanding Candlestick patterns: While not directly related to citation, understanding market signals and trends enhances the quality of the information you source and cite.
  • Applying Fibonacci retracement: Similar to candlestick patterns, this analytical tool relies on accurate data, making proper sourcing essential.
  • Analyzing Moving averages: Crucial for trend identification, relies on accurate historical data found in cited sources.
  • Considering Bollinger Bands: Volatility indicators require precise data, reinforcing the importance of reliable citations.
  • Exploring Relative Strength Index (RSI): A momentum oscillator that relies on accurate price data from cited sources.
  • Understanding MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): Another momentum indicator requiring accurate historical data.
  • Analyzing Elliott Wave Theory: A complex theory requiring accurate historical data and interpretation.
  • Considering Ichimoku Cloud: A comprehensive indicator requiring accurate data and understanding.
  • Exploring Support and Resistance levels: Understanding these levels relies on accurate historical data.
  • Analyzing Trend lines: Identifying trends requires accurate data and interpretation.
  • Understanding Volume analysis: Volume data is crucial, reinforcing the need for reliable sources.
  • Applying Chart patterns: Identifying patterns relies on accurate data visualization.
  • Considering Stochastic Oscillator: Another momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Exploring Average True Range: A volatility indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Analyzing Donchian Channels: Volatility indicators relying on accurate data.
  • Understanding Parabolic SAR: A trailing stop and reversal indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Considering Commodity Channel Index: A momentum indicator relying on accurate data.
  • Exploring Williams %R: Another momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Analyzing On Balance Volume: A momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Understanding Accumulation/Distribution Line: A momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Considering Keltner Channels: Volatility indicator relying on accurate data.
  • Exploring Heikin Ashi: Charting technique requiring accurate data.


Help:Contents provides additional resources for editing on MediaWiki. MediaWiki talk:Cite book is the discussion page for the template itself. Wikipedia:Citing sources offers comprehensive guidance on citation practices.

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  1. Template:Cite web

Template:Cite web is a fundamental citation template used on Wikipedia and other MediaWiki-based wikis, including this one, to consistently format citations for web pages. It’s a crucial tool for maintaining the credibility and verifiability of information presented within articles. This article provides a comprehensive guide to using the template, covering its parameters, best practices, and troubleshooting tips for beginners. Understanding and utilizing this template effectively is a cornerstone of responsible content creation.

What is a Citation and Why is it Important?

Before diving into the specifics of `Template:Cite web`, it's essential to understand *why* we cite sources. Citations serve several critical purposes:

  • **Verifiability:** They allow readers to independently verify the information presented in an article. Readers can follow the links and assess the source themselves.
  • **Credibility:** Citing reputable sources enhances the credibility of the article and the editor who wrote it.
  • **Avoiding Plagiarism:** Properly citing sources avoids plagiarism, which is a serious ethical violation.
  • **Context & Further Research:** Citations provide context and allow readers to explore the topic in greater depth.
  • **Maintaining Neutrality:** Relying on cited sources helps ensure that information presented is based on evidence rather than personal opinion. This is particularly important when discussing Technical Analysis or interpreting Market Trends.

The Basics of Template:Cite web

`Template:Cite web` is designed to streamline the process of creating citations for online resources. Instead of manually formatting each citation, the template automatically generates a standardized citation format based on the information you provide.

To use the template, you simply insert it into your article text, filling in the relevant parameters. The basic syntax is:

```wiki <ref>Template loop detected: Template:Cite web</ref> ```

Let's break down each parameter:

  • **`author`**: The author of the web page. If no individual author is identified, use the organization or website responsible for the content. For example, "Reuters" or "Investopedia". Consider how authorship impacts the reliability of a source when analyzing Trading Signals.
  • **`url`**: The direct URL (web address) of the page. This is *essential*. Without a valid URL, the citation is effectively useless. Ensure the URL is stable and unlikely to change.
  • **`title`**: The title of the web page. This should be enclosed in quotation marks if it's the title of an article or webpage.
  • **`publisher`**: The name of the website or organization that publishes the web page. This is often different from the author. For instance, the author might be a journalist writing for a news website.
  • **`date`**: The date the web page was published or last updated. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD (e.g., 2023-10-27). The date is crucial for assessing the timeliness of information, especially when discussing volatile Financial Instruments.
  • **`accessdate`**: The date you accessed the web page. This is important because web pages can change over time. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD. This demonstrates the information was available at the time of writing.
  • **`archiveurl`**: The URL of an archived version of the web page (e.g., from the Wayback Machine – [1]). Archiving is *highly recommended* as websites can disappear or change their content.
  • **`archivedate`**: The date the page was archived. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD.
  • **`quote`**: A short, relevant quote from the web page. Use sparingly; it's not always necessary.
  • **`pages`**: If the information comes from a specific page or section within a longer web document, indicate the page number or section title here.

Example Usage

Let's illustrate with an example. Suppose you want to cite an article on Investopedia about the Moving Average indicator:

```wiki <ref>Template loop detected: Template:Cite web</ref> ```

This will generate a citation that looks something like this:

"Moving Average." Investopedia. Accessed October 27, 2023. [2](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp). Archived October 27, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.

Common Parameters and Advanced Options

Beyond the basic parameters, `Template:Cite web` offers several other useful options:

  • **`format`**: Specifies the format of the source (e.g., HTML, PDF, EPUB). Useful when citing downloadable reports or documents.
  • **`language`**: The language of the web page. Use the two-letter ISO 639-1 code (e.g., "en" for English, "es" for Spanish).
  • **`trans_title`**: A translation of the title into the article's language. Use this if the original title is in a different language.
  • **`work`**: The name of the overall work or website that contains the page (e.g., the name of a newspaper if the page is an article from that newspaper).
  • **`loc`**: Location within the work (e.g., section title).
  • **`first`**: The first name of the author.
  • **`last`**: The last name of the author. Using `first` and `last` allows for more consistent author formatting.
  • **`authorlink`**: A link to the author's Wikipedia page (if they have one).
  • **`coauthors`**: Used to list multiple authors.
  • **`ref`**: Allows you to assign a custom reference name (useful for reusing the same source multiple times).

Best Practices for Using Template:Cite web

  • **Always include a URL:** This is the most important part of the citation.
  • **Archive web pages:** Use the Wayback Machine or another archiving service to preserve the source in case the original page disappears or changes.
  • **Be consistent:** Follow a consistent citation style throughout the article.
  • **Use accurate dates:** Double-check the publication and access dates.
  • **Provide complete information:** Fill in as many parameters as possible.
  • **Avoid bare URLs:** Never include a URL without a proper citation using `Template:Cite web` or another appropriate template. Bare URLs look unprofessional and don’t provide enough context.
  • **Check for broken links:** Regularly check your citations to ensure the URLs are still working. Tools like Broken Link Detection can help.
  • **Consider the source's reliability:** Evaluate the credibility of the source before citing it. Is it a reputable organization? Is the author an expert in the field? This is important when evaluating Trading Strategies.
  • **Format dates correctly:** Always use the YYYY-MM-DD format.
  • **Understand different Candlestick Patterns and their sources.**
  • **Be mindful of Bollinger Bands and the sources that explain them.**
  • **Research the origins of Fibonacci Retracements and cite accordingly.**
  • **Explore different Elliott Wave Theory interpretations and their cited origins.**
  • **Understand the historical context of Dow Theory and cite its proponents.**

Troubleshooting Common Issues

  • **Citation not displaying correctly:** Check for syntax errors in the template. Make sure all brackets and equal signs are in the correct places.
  • **Broken link:** The URL may be incorrect or the web page may have been removed. Try to find an archived version or a different source.
  • **Citation style inconsistent:** Review the article's style guide and ensure you're following the guidelines.
  • **Error message:** Pay attention to any error messages that appear when you save the page. These messages can often provide clues about the problem.
  • **Incorrect date format:** Ensure dates are in YYYY-MM-DD format.
  • **Archive URL not working:** Verify the archive URL is correct and points to a valid archived version of the page.

Related Templates and Resources

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Dealing with Challenging Sources

Sometimes, finding perfect sources can be difficult. Here are some common challenges and how to address them:

  • **Paywalled Sources:** If a source is behind a paywall, you can still cite it if it's considered reliable. However, it's helpful to indicate this in the citation (e.g., "Subscription required"). Consider using tools like Google Scholar or academic databases to see if a freely accessible version of the source exists.
  • **Sources with Limited Availability:** If a source is only available in a limited number of libraries or archives, still cite it if it's considered reliable. Indicate the location of the source in the citation.
  • **Sources in Different Languages:** You can cite sources in languages other than English. Provide a translation of the title and a link to the original source.
  • **Multiple Sources for a Single Claim:** If multiple sources support a claim, cite them all. This strengthens the verifiability of the information.
  • **Disagreements About Source Reliability:** If there's a disagreement about whether a source is reliable, discuss it on the article's Talk page and try to reach a consensus. If you cannot reach a consensus, seek input from other editors or administrators.

Verifiability vs. Truth

It's crucial to understand that verifiability is *not* the same as truth. A statement can be verifiable even if it's ultimately incorrect. The key is that the statement is supported by a reliable source.

For example, an article might state, "According to a 1980 newspaper report, the stock market would reach 5000 points by 1990." This statement is verifiable because it's attributed to a specific source. However, the prediction turned out to be false.

Verifiability focuses on *attributing* information to a source, not on *guaranteeing* its accuracy. The responsibility for determining the truth of a statement rests with the reader, who can evaluate the source and draw their own conclusions.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • **Failing to Cite Sources:** This is the most common mistake. Always cite your sources, even for seemingly obvious facts.
  • **Citing Unreliable Sources:** Avoid citing sources that are known to be biased, inaccurate, or unreliable.
  • **Misrepresenting Sources:** Don't cherry-pick quotes or distort the meaning of sources to support your own arguments.
  • **Using Primary Sources to Support Interpretations:** As mentioned earlier, use primary sources to support facts, not interpretations.
  • **Adding Original Research:** Don't add your own thoughts, analyses, or interpretations without grounding them in existing published sources.
  • **Ignoring Challenges to Verifiability:** If another editor questions the verifiability of a statement, address their concerns and provide additional sources if possible.
  • **Assuming Common Knowledge:** What is "common knowledge" varies, and it's always best to err on the side of caution and cite a source.

Relationship to Other Policies

Verifiability is closely linked to several other Wikipedia policies:

  • **Neutral Point of View (NPOV):** Verifiability helps ensure that articles present a neutral point of view by relying on reliable sources. Neutrality
  • **No Original Research (NOR):** Verifiability prevents the addition of original research. No Original Research
  • **What Wikipedia Is Not:** Verifiability helps define what Wikipedia is not – a place for personal opinions or unsubstantiated claims. What Wikipedia Is Not
  • **Conflict of Interest (COI):** Editors with a conflict of interest should be particularly careful to cite reliable sources and avoid adding biased information. Conflict of Interest
  • **Civility:** Discussions about verifiability should always be conducted in a civil and respectful manner. Civility

Tools and Resources

  • **Citation Templates:** Use templates like `
  1. Template:Cite book – A Beginner's Guide

Template:Cite book is a fundamental tool in MediaWiki for consistently and accurately citing books as sources within your articles. Proper citation is crucial for maintaining the credibility and verifiability of information presented on a wiki. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to using Template:Cite book, covering its purpose, parameters, usage examples, common issues, and best practices. This guide is geared towards beginners but also includes details useful for more experienced editors.

What is Template:Cite book and Why Use It?

Template:Cite book is a pre-defined, reusable format for displaying book citations. Instead of manually formatting each citation, you use the template and fill in specific parameters (details about the book). This offers several advantages:

  • Consistency: Ensures all book citations follow a uniform style, improving the overall aesthetic and readability of the wiki. This is vital for Wikipedia's verifiability policy.
  • Efficiency: Saves time and effort compared to manually formatting citations.
  • Accuracy: Reduces the risk of errors in citation details.
  • Maintainability: If the citation style needs to be updated, it only needs to be changed in the template, and all instances using the template will automatically reflect the changes. This is a key benefit of using templates in complex wikis.
  • Data Structure: Provides structured data that can be used for generating bibliographies or other lists of sources.

Without a consistent citation method, articles can appear unprofessional and unreliable. Template:Cite book, and other citation templates like Template:Cite web and Template:Cite journal, are essential for creating a trustworthy knowledge base.

Basic Usage

The most basic form of using Template:Cite book is as follows:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

This will generate a citation that looks something like this:

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. *Book Title*. Publisher Name, Year.

However, this is a very simplified example. Template:Cite book offers a wide range of parameters to accommodate different types of books and citation requirements.

Template Parameters

Here's a detailed breakdown of the available parameters for Template:Cite book:

  • `last` (required): The author's last name.
  • `first` (required): The author's first name.
  • `authorlink` (optional): A link to the author's Wikipedia page (if available). Example: `authorlink = John Doe`
  • `title` (required): The title of the book.
  • `titlelink` (optional): A link to the book's Wikipedia page (if available). Example: `titlelink = The Wealth of Nations`
  • `year` (required): The year the book was published.
  • `publisher` (required): The name of the publisher.
  • `location` (optional): The city or location of the publisher. Example: `location = New York`
  • `pages` (optional): The total number of pages in the book. Example: `pages = 352`
  • `page` (optional): The specific page(s) being cited. Example: `page = 25-27` or `page = 10`
  • `chapter` (optional): The chapter title. Example: `chapter = The Invisible Hand`
  • `chapterurl` (optional): A URL to the chapter online (if available).
  • `id` (optional): An identifier for the book, such as an ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Example: `id = 978-0321765723`
  • `isbn` (optional): Specifically for ISBN. This is often preferred over `id` for ISBNs. Example: `isbn = 978-0321765723`
  • `oclc` (optional): The OCLC number (Online Computer Library Center).
  • `doi` (optional): The Digital Object Identifier (DOI). This is becoming increasingly common for academic publications.
  • `accessdate` (optional): The date you accessed the book online (if applicable). Use the format `YYYY-MM-DD`. Example: `accessdate = 2023-10-27`
  • `format` (optional): The format of the book (e.g., hardcover, paperback, ebook).
  • `ref` (optional): Allows for custom reference names. Useful for complex citations or when referring to the same source multiple times. Example: `ref = Smith2023`
  • `mode` (optional): Controls the display mode. Defaults to "cs1". Other options may exist depending on the wiki's configuration.

Understanding these parameters is key to using Template:Cite book effectively. Always provide as much information as possible to ensure a complete and accurate citation.

Examples of Usage

Let's look at some examples demonstrating how to use Template:Cite book with different combinations of parameters:

Example 1: Basic Citation with ISBN

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 2: Citation with Chapter and Page Numbers

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 3: Citation with Author Link and DOI

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

Example 4: Citation with Location and Accessdate (for online books)

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Cite book ```

These examples illustrate the flexibility of Template:Cite book. Adapt the parameters to fit the specific details of the book you are citing. Remember to check the specific citation style guide required by the wiki you are editing. Wikipedia's Manual of Style provides detailed guidance on citation formats.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting

  • Missing Required Parameters: The template will usually display an error message if you omit required parameters (like `last`, `first`, `title`, `year`, and `publisher`).
  • Incorrect Parameter Names: Double-check that you are using the correct parameter names (e.g., `isbn` instead of `ISBN`).
  • Formatting Errors: Ensure dates are in the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD). Also, verify that ISBNs and DOIs are entered correctly.
  • Rendering Problems: Sometimes, the template might not render correctly due to conflicts with other templates or wiki code. Try simplifying the citation or contacting the wiki's administrators for assistance.
  • Broken Links: If you are including a URL, verify that the link is still active. Broken links detract from the credibility of the citation.
  • Conflicting Information: Ensure the information you provide is consistent across all parameters. For example, the publication year should match the information provided by the publisher.

If you encounter issues, consult the template's documentation page (usually linked from the template itself) or ask for help on the wiki's help pages.

Best Practices for Using Template:Cite book

  • Be Consistent: Follow a consistent citation style throughout the article.
  • Be Accurate: Double-check all information before submitting the citation.
  • Be Complete: Provide as much information as possible to ensure a comprehensive citation.
  • Use Author Links: If the author has a Wikipedia page, include an author link.
  • Use ISBNs or DOIs: Whenever available, use ISBNs or DOIs to uniquely identify the book.
  • Use `ref` for Repeated Citations: If you are citing the same book multiple times, use the `ref` parameter to create a named reference. This avoids cluttering the article with redundant citations.
  • Preview Your Work: Always preview your changes before saving to ensure the citation is rendering correctly.
  • Consult Style Guides: Familiarize yourself with the specific citation style guide required by the wiki you are editing. Chicago Manual of Style is a widely respected source.

By following these best practices, you can ensure that your citations are accurate, consistent, and contribute to the overall quality of the wiki. Understanding concepts like risk management and technical analysis is crucial for reliable information, and proper citation supports that.

Advanced Usage & Related Templates

For more complex citation needs, consider these advanced techniques and related templates:

  • Using `|separator=` : This parameter allows you to customize the separator between elements in the citation.
  • Using `|postscript=` : Adds a postscript to the citation.
  • Using `|laysummary=` : Controls whether the citation appears in a "lay summary" format.
  • Combining with Other Templates: You can combine Template:Cite book with other templates to create more complex citations. For example, you might use Template:Citation to wrap the citation and add additional formatting.
  • Utilizing Categories: Some wikis use categories to organize citations. Check if the wiki has specific category guidelines for citations.
  • Exploring Citation Style Options: Some wikis allow you to choose different citation styles (e.g., MLA, APA). Check the wiki's settings to see if this option is available.
  • Understanding Candlestick patterns: While not directly related to citation, understanding market signals and trends enhances the quality of the information you source and cite.
  • Applying Fibonacci retracement: Similar to candlestick patterns, this analytical tool relies on accurate data, making proper sourcing essential.
  • Analyzing Moving averages: Crucial for trend identification, relies on accurate historical data found in cited sources.
  • Considering Bollinger Bands: Volatility indicators require precise data, reinforcing the importance of reliable citations.
  • Exploring Relative Strength Index (RSI): A momentum oscillator that relies on accurate price data from cited sources.
  • Understanding MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): Another momentum indicator requiring accurate historical data.
  • Analyzing Elliott Wave Theory: A complex theory requiring accurate historical data and interpretation.
  • Considering Ichimoku Cloud: A comprehensive indicator requiring accurate data and understanding.
  • Exploring Support and Resistance levels: Understanding these levels relies on accurate historical data.
  • Analyzing Trend lines: Identifying trends requires accurate data and interpretation.
  • Understanding Volume analysis: Volume data is crucial, reinforcing the need for reliable sources.
  • Applying Chart patterns: Identifying patterns relies on accurate data visualization.
  • Considering Stochastic Oscillator: Another momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Exploring Average True Range: A volatility indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Analyzing Donchian Channels: Volatility indicators relying on accurate data.
  • Understanding Parabolic SAR: A trailing stop and reversal indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Considering Commodity Channel Index: A momentum indicator relying on accurate data.
  • Exploring Williams %R: Another momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Analyzing On Balance Volume: A momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Understanding Accumulation/Distribution Line: A momentum indicator requiring accurate data.
  • Considering Keltner Channels: Volatility indicator relying on accurate data.
  • Exploring Heikin Ashi: Charting technique requiring accurate data.


Help:Contents provides additional resources for editing on MediaWiki. MediaWiki talk:Cite book is the discussion page for the template itself. Wikipedia:Citing sources offers comprehensive guidance on citation practices.

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  1. Template:Cite web

Template:Cite web is a fundamental citation template used on Wikipedia and other MediaWiki-based wikis, including this one, to consistently format citations for web pages. It’s a crucial tool for maintaining the credibility and verifiability of information presented within articles. This article provides a comprehensive guide to using the template, covering its parameters, best practices, and troubleshooting tips for beginners. Understanding and utilizing this template effectively is a cornerstone of responsible content creation.

What is a Citation and Why is it Important?

Before diving into the specifics of `Template:Cite web`, it's essential to understand *why* we cite sources. Citations serve several critical purposes:

  • **Verifiability:** They allow readers to independently verify the information presented in an article. Readers can follow the links and assess the source themselves.
  • **Credibility:** Citing reputable sources enhances the credibility of the article and the editor who wrote it.
  • **Avoiding Plagiarism:** Properly citing sources avoids plagiarism, which is a serious ethical violation.
  • **Context & Further Research:** Citations provide context and allow readers to explore the topic in greater depth.
  • **Maintaining Neutrality:** Relying on cited sources helps ensure that information presented is based on evidence rather than personal opinion. This is particularly important when discussing Technical Analysis or interpreting Market Trends.

The Basics of Template:Cite web

`Template:Cite web` is designed to streamline the process of creating citations for online resources. Instead of manually formatting each citation, the template automatically generates a standardized citation format based on the information you provide.

To use the template, you simply insert it into your article text, filling in the relevant parameters. The basic syntax is:

```wiki <ref>Template loop detected: Template:Cite web</ref> ```

Let's break down each parameter:

  • **`author`**: The author of the web page. If no individual author is identified, use the organization or website responsible for the content. For example, "Reuters" or "Investopedia". Consider how authorship impacts the reliability of a source when analyzing Trading Signals.
  • **`url`**: The direct URL (web address) of the page. This is *essential*. Without a valid URL, the citation is effectively useless. Ensure the URL is stable and unlikely to change.
  • **`title`**: The title of the web page. This should be enclosed in quotation marks if it's the title of an article or webpage.
  • **`publisher`**: The name of the website or organization that publishes the web page. This is often different from the author. For instance, the author might be a journalist writing for a news website.
  • **`date`**: The date the web page was published or last updated. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD (e.g., 2023-10-27). The date is crucial for assessing the timeliness of information, especially when discussing volatile Financial Instruments.
  • **`accessdate`**: The date you accessed the web page. This is important because web pages can change over time. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD. This demonstrates the information was available at the time of writing.
  • **`archiveurl`**: The URL of an archived version of the web page (e.g., from the Wayback Machine – [3]). Archiving is *highly recommended* as websites can disappear or change their content.
  • **`archivedate`**: The date the page was archived. Use the format YYYY-MM-DD.
  • **`quote`**: A short, relevant quote from the web page. Use sparingly; it's not always necessary.
  • **`pages`**: If the information comes from a specific page or section within a longer web document, indicate the page number or section title here.

Example Usage

Let's illustrate with an example. Suppose you want to cite an article on Investopedia about the Moving Average indicator:

```wiki <ref>Template loop detected: Template:Cite web</ref> ```

This will generate a citation that looks something like this:

"Moving Average." Investopedia. Accessed October 27, 2023. [4](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/movingaverage.asp). Archived October 27, 2023, at the Wayback Machine.

Common Parameters and Advanced Options

Beyond the basic parameters, `Template:Cite web` offers several other useful options:

  • **`format`**: Specifies the format of the source (e.g., HTML, PDF, EPUB). Useful when citing downloadable reports or documents.
  • **`language`**: The language of the web page. Use the two-letter ISO 639-1 code (e.g., "en" for English, "es" for Spanish).
  • **`trans_title`**: A translation of the title into the article's language. Use this if the original title is in a different language.
  • **`work`**: The name of the overall work or website that contains the page (e.g., the name of a newspaper if the page is an article from that newspaper).
  • **`loc`**: Location within the work (e.g., section title).
  • **`first`**: The first name of the author.
  • **`last`**: The last name of the author. Using `first` and `last` allows for more consistent author formatting.
  • **`authorlink`**: A link to the author's Wikipedia page (if they have one).
  • **`coauthors`**: Used to list multiple authors.
  • **`ref`**: Allows you to assign a custom reference name (useful for reusing the same source multiple times).

Best Practices for Using Template:Cite web

  • **Always include a URL:** This is the most important part of the citation.
  • **Archive web pages:** Use the Wayback Machine or another archiving service to preserve the source in case the original page disappears or changes.
  • **Be consistent:** Follow a consistent citation style throughout the article.
  • **Use accurate dates:** Double-check the publication and access dates.
  • **Provide complete information:** Fill in as many parameters as possible.
  • **Avoid bare URLs:** Never include a URL without a proper citation using `Template:Cite web` or another appropriate template. Bare URLs look unprofessional and don’t provide enough context.
  • **Check for broken links:** Regularly check your citations to ensure the URLs are still working. Tools like Broken Link Detection can help.
  • **Consider the source's reliability:** Evaluate the credibility of the source before citing it. Is it a reputable organization? Is the author an expert in the field? This is important when evaluating Trading Strategies.
  • **Format dates correctly:** Always use the YYYY-MM-DD format.
  • **Understand different Candlestick Patterns and their sources.**
  • **Be mindful of Bollinger Bands and the sources that explain them.**
  • **Research the origins of Fibonacci Retracements and cite accordingly.**
  • **Explore different Elliott Wave Theory interpretations and their cited origins.**
  • **Understand the historical context of Dow Theory and cite its proponents.**

Troubleshooting Common Issues

  • **Citation not displaying correctly:** Check for syntax errors in the template. Make sure all brackets and equal signs are in the correct places.
  • **Broken link:** The URL may be incorrect or the web page may have been removed. Try to find an archived version or a different source.
  • **Citation style inconsistent:** Review the article's style guide and ensure you're following the guidelines.
  • **Error message:** Pay attention to any error messages that appear when you save the page. These messages can often provide clues about the problem.
  • **Incorrect date format:** Ensure dates are in YYYY-MM-DD format.
  • **Archive URL not working:** Verify the archive URL is correct and points to a valid archived version of the page.

Related Templates and Resources

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  • **Google Scholar:** A search engine specifically for scholarly literature. [5]
  • **JSTOR:** A digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources. [6]
  • **Internet Archive:** A digital library offering access to archived websites and other materials. [7]
  • **Snopes:** A fact-checking website. [8]
  • **PolitiFact:** A fact-checking website focused on political claims. [9]
  • **FactCheck.org:** A nonpartisan fact-checking organization. [10]
  • **TradingView:** A charting platform for financial markets. [11] (Use with caution for analysis – cite reputable financial news sources)
  • **Investopedia:** A financial dictionary and education resource. [12] (Good for definitions, but not primary sources)
  • **Bloomberg:** Financial news and data. [13]
  • **Reuters:** News agency providing financial coverage. [14]
  • **Yahoo Finance:** Financial news and data. [15]
  • **MarketWatch:** Financial news and analysis. [16]
  • **Seeking Alpha:** Investment research platform. [17] (Use with caution, opinions are prevalent)
  • **Fibonacci retracement:** [18]
  • **Moving Averages:** [19]
  • **Bollinger Bands:** [20]
  • **Relative Strength Index (RSI):** [21]
  • **MACD:** [22]
  • **Elliott Wave Theory:** [23]
  • **Head and Shoulders Pattern:** [24]
  • **Candlestick Patterns:** [25]
  • **Trendlines:** [26]
  • **Support and Resistance Levels:** [27]
  • **Volume Analysis:** [28]
  • **Dow Theory:** [29]
  • **Ichimoku Cloud:** [30]



Conclusion

Verifiability is not merely a rule; it's the foundation upon which a trustworthy and valuable wiki is built. By adhering to the principles outlined in this article, you can contribute to a collaborative knowledge base that is accurate, reliable, and accessible to all. Remember to always cite your sources, choose reliable sources, and be prepared to discuss and defend your contributions.


Help:Contents Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines Wikipedia:Citing sources Wikipedia:No original research Wikipedia:Neutral point of view Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines Wikipedia:Conflict of interest Wikipedia:Civility Help:Footnotes

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