Germany

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```mediawiki

  1. redirect Federal Republic of Germany

Template:Infobox template

Template:Infobox country is a highly standardized and widely used template on Wikipedia (and other MediaWiki installations) designed to present key information about a country in a consistent and easily digestible format. It's a crucial component of many country-related articles and contributes significantly to the overall uniformity and readability of Wikipedia’s geographical content. This article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding, using, and customizing the Infobox country template, geared towards beginners. We will cover its purpose, parameters, common usages, advanced techniques, and troubleshooting.

Purpose and Importance

The primary purpose of the Infobox country template is to provide a quick overview of essential country data. This includes things like the official name, capital city, demographics, government type, and economic indicators. By using a standardized template like this, Wikipedia avoids inconsistencies in presentation and allows readers to quickly compare information across different country pages.

Consistency is paramount for an encyclopedia. The Infobox country template enforces this by:

  • **Standardizing Data Presentation:** Ensures information is presented in the same order and format across all country articles.
  • **Facilitating Comparison:** Allows readers to easily compare key statistics between countries.
  • **Enhancing Readability:** Presents information in a visually appealing and organized manner, making it easier to scan and understand.
  • **Supporting Data Integration:** The structured data within the infobox can be used for automated data analysis and integration with other Wikipedia projects. This is akin to using structured data for time series analysis in financial markets.

Basic Usage

To use the Infobox country template, you simply copy the template code (found at Template:Infobox country) and paste it into the beginning of the country article. You then replace the placeholder values with the actual data for the country in question. Here's a basic example:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Infobox country ```

This code will generate an infobox displaying the information you provided. The lines starting with a pipe symbol (|) represent the parameters of the template. Each parameter corresponds to a specific piece of information.

Key Parameters

The Infobox country template has a large number of parameters, allowing for a detailed presentation of country data. Here’s a breakdown of some of the most important ones:

  • **`name`**: The official common name of the country.
  • **`native_name`**: The country's name in its official language(s).
  • **`image`**: The filename of an image to display (e.g., a map or flag).
  • **`image_caption`**: A caption for the image.
  • **`flag`**: Specifically for the country's flag. Often preferred over `image` for flags.
  • **`flag_type`**: The type of flag (e.g., civil, state).
  • **`coat_of_arms`**: The filename of the country’s coat of arms.
  • **`coat_of_arms_type`**: The type of coat of arms (e.g., national, royal).
  • **`anthem`**: The name of the country’s national anthem. Can also accept a link to an audio file.
  • **`capital`**: The country's capital city.
  • **`largest_city`**: The country’s largest city (distinct from the capital).
  • **`official_languages`**: A list of the country's official language(s). Use a template like Template:Langlist for multilingual lists.
  • **`ethnic_groups`**: Information about the country's ethnic composition.
  • **`government_type`**: The type of government (e.g., republic, monarchy).
  • **`leader_title1` & `leader_name1`**: The title and name of the head of state. `leader_title2` and `leader_name2` can be used for a head of government if different.
  • **`legislature`**: The name of the country’s legislature.
  • **`population`**: The country's total population.
  • **`population_estimate_year`**: The year the population estimate is from.
  • **`population_density`**: The population density (people per square kilometer or mile).
  • **`area`**: The country's total area in square miles.
  • **`area_km2`**: The country's total area in square kilometers.
  • **`GDP_nominal`**: The country’s Gross Domestic Product (nominal). This is a key economic indicator.
  • **`GDP_rank`**: The country’s GDP rank globally.
  • **`GDP_per_capita`**: The country’s GDP per capita. Useful for measuring standard of living.
  • **`currency`**: The country's official currency.
  • **`currency_code`**: The currency's ISO 4217 code.
  • **`timezone`**: The country's time zone(s).
  • **`driving_side`**: The side of the road on which traffic drives (left or right).
  • **`calling_code`**: The country's international calling code.

This is not an exhaustive list, but it covers the most frequently used parameters. A complete list can be found at Template:Infobox country/doc. Understanding these parameters is crucial for effectively using the template. Consider this similar to understanding technical indicators in trading - knowing what each component represents is essential.

Advanced Techniques

Beyond the basic usage, the Infobox country template offers several advanced techniques for customization and data presentation.

  • **Using Templates within Parameters:** You can use other templates within the Infobox country template to format data. For example, you can use Template:Langlist to create a nicely formatted list of official languages.
  • **Conditional Formatting:** Using parameters like `{{{display_name}}}`, you can conditionally display information based on specific conditions. This is useful for handling variations in country names or political status.
  • **Units and Conversions:** Be consistent with units (e.g., use either square miles or square kilometers for area). You can use templates like Template:Convert to automatically convert between units.
  • **Handling Multiple Values:** For parameters that can have multiple values (e.g., official languages, ethnic groups), use a list format separated by commas or semicolons.
  • **Using Lua Modules:** The Infobox country template utilizes Lua modules for some of its functionality, such as calculating area and population density. While you don't need to understand Lua to use the template, it’s helpful to know that it’s powered by this scripting language. This is akin to algorithmic trading, where complex trading strategies are automated using code.
  • **Data Validation**: Ensure the data you input is accurate and verifiable. Cite your sources using references. Incorrect data can lead to misinformation. Similar to risk management in trading, verifying information is crucial.
  • **Parameter Aliases**: The template often offers aliases for parameters, making it easier to use. For example, `area_km2` might also accept `area_sq_km`. Check the documentation for aliases.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

  • **Infobox Not Displaying:** Make sure you've copied the template code correctly and that the parameters are spelled correctly. Check for syntax errors (e.g., missing equal signs or pipe symbols).
  • **Incorrect Data Displaying:** Double-check the values you've entered for each parameter. Ensure the data is accurate and up-to-date.
  • **Image Not Displaying:** Verify that the image filename is correct and that the image exists on Wikimedia Commons. Also, check if the image is licensed appropriately for use on Wikipedia.
  • **Formatting Issues:** If the infobox is not formatting correctly, try clearing your browser's cache or using a different browser. Also, check the template documentation for any known formatting issues.
  • **Template Errors:** If you encounter a template error message, consult the Help:Templates page or ask for help on the Wikipedia:Teahouse page.
  • **Conflicting Parameters:** Avoid using conflicting parameters or parameters that duplicate information. This can lead to unexpected results.

Staying Up-to-Date

The Infobox country template is constantly evolving as the Wikipedia community adds new features and improvements. It’s important to stay up-to-date with the latest changes.

  • **Check the Documentation:** The Template:Infobox country/doc page is the primary source of information about the template.
  • **Monitor the Template Page:** The Template:Infobox country page contains the template code and any associated discussions.
  • **Participate in Discussions:** If you have suggestions for improving the template, participate in the discussions on the template page or the relevant Wikipedia talk pages.
  • **Be Aware of Deprecated Parameters**: The template documentation will highlight parameters that are no longer recommended for use.

Relationship to Other Templates and Projects

The Infobox country template is just one piece of a larger ecosystem of templates and projects on Wikipedia.

  • **Template:Infobox settlement**: Used for cities, towns, and other settlements.
  • **Template:Infobox historic site**: Used for historical sites and monuments.
  • **Template:Infobox mountain**: Used for mountains and mountain ranges.
  • **Wikidata**: Wikipedia is increasingly integrating with Wikidata, a structured knowledge base. The Infobox country template can pull data from Wikidata, reducing the need for manual entry. This is similar to data feeds used in algorithmic trading.
  • **GeoHack**: Links in the infobox often utilize GeoHack to provide links to various mapping services.
  • **Mapit**: Another tool for linking to geographic coordinates.

Understanding these relationships can help you create more comprehensive and informative Wikipedia articles. Think of it as understanding the interconnectedness of different market sectors – each influences the other.

Further Resources

By following the guidelines and tips outlined in this article, you’ll be well-equipped to use the Infobox country template effectively and contribute to the quality of Wikipedia’s geographical content. Remember to always prioritize accuracy, consistency, and readability. The Infobox country, like a well-executed trading plan, requires attention to detail and a clear understanding of its components to achieve optimal results. Staying informed on market trends and updating your knowledge is also crucial, just as it is with this template.

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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in West-Central Europe. It is a federal parliamentary republic composed of 16 states. With a population of over 83 million, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is a major economic, political and cultural power within Europe and globally. Its history is complex and influential, spanning millennia, and its modern iteration emerged from the aftermath of World War II.

History

The history of Germany is a long and intricate one. Early Germanic tribes were established in Central Europe by the 1st century CE. The region fragmented into numerous smaller kingdoms and principalities during the Early Middle Ages. The Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) represented an attempt to unify these territories, but it remained decentralized and often fractured by internal conflicts. The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther in 1517, further divided the region, leading to religious wars and the rise of distinct Protestant and Catholic states.

The 19th century saw the rise of German nationalism and a series of wars that eventually led to the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership in 1871. This newly unified German Empire, under Otto von Bismarck, quickly became a major European power. However, its ambitions and aggressive foreign policy contributed to the outbreak of World War I (1914-1918), which resulted in Germany's defeat and significant territorial losses.

The interwar period was marked by political instability, economic hardship (hyperinflation in the 1920s), and the rise of extremist ideologies, most notably Nazism under Adolf Hitler. The Nazi regime, established in 1933, implemented a policy of racial supremacy, persecution of minorities (especially Jews – the Holocaust), and aggressive expansionism. This culminated in World War II (1939-1945), a devastating conflict that resulted in the deaths of tens of millions and the widespread destruction of Europe. Germany was defeated in 1945 and divided into four occupation zones controlled by the Allied powers (United States, United Kingdom, France, and Soviet Union).

In 1949, the three Western zones were merged to form the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), while the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The Berlin Wall, erected in 1961, symbolized the division of Germany and the Cold War. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, Germany was reunified in 1990.

Geography

Germany is situated between the Baltic and North Seas, bordering Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. Its landscape is diverse, ranging from the low-lying North German Plain in the north to the hilly and mountainous regions of central and southern Germany. The Alps form the southern border with Austria and Switzerland. Major rivers include the Rhine, Danube, Elbe, and Oder. Germany's climate is temperate and oceanic, with warm summers and cool, cloudy winters.

Politics

Germany is a federal parliamentary republic. The head of state is the President, who has largely ceremonial duties. The head of government is the Chancellor, who is elected by the Bundestag (the lower house of parliament). The Bundestag is elected by proportional representation, ensuring a multi-party system. The Bundesrat (the upper house) represents the interests of the 16 states.

Germany is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, and numerous other international organizations. It plays a leading role in European affairs and is a strong advocate for international cooperation.

Economy

Germany has the largest national economy in Europe and the fourth-largest in the world by nominal GDP. It is a highly industrialized country with a strong focus on manufacturing, particularly in the automotive, machinery, chemical, and electrical engineering sectors. Germany is a major exporter of goods and services. Key industries include:

  • Automotive: Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche are globally recognized brands. Technical Analysis of Automotive Stocks is crucial for investors.
  • Machinery: Siemens, Bosch, and others produce a wide range of industrial machinery.
  • Chemicals: BASF and Bayer are leading chemical companies.
  • Electrical Engineering: Siemens and other companies are major players in this sector.

The German economy is known for its “Mittelstand,” a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are highly specialized and innovative. Germany's economic performance is closely monitored using indicators such as GDP Growth Rate, Inflation Rate, and Unemployment Rate. Understanding Market Trends is vital for economic forecasting. The DAX is Germany's stock market index. Analyzing Candlestick Patterns on the DAX can provide trading signals. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is often debated in relation to the German stock market. Fibonacci Retracements are frequently used by traders. Moving Averages are a common technical indicator. Bollinger Bands help assess volatility. Relative Strength Index (RSI) measures price momentum. MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) is a trend-following momentum indicator. Stochastic Oscillator is used to identify overbought or oversold conditions. Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) is used to determine the average price traded throughout the day. Average True Range (ATR) measures volatility. Ichimoku Cloud is a comprehensive indicator. Elliott Wave Theory attempts to forecast market movements. Donchian Channels are used to identify breakouts. Parabolic SAR identifies potential reversal points. Pivot Points help identify support and resistance levels. Chaikin Money Flow measures the buying and selling pressure. Accumulation/Distribution Line gauges the flow of money into or out of a security. On Balance Volume (OBV) uses volume flow to predict price changes. Williams %R is a momentum indicator similar to RSI. Understanding Risk Management is crucial for investing in the German economy. Diversification is a key investment strategy. Correlation Analysis can help understand the relationship between different assets. Fundamental Analysis is essential for evaluating the long-term prospects of German companies. Sentiment Analysis can gauge market psychology. The Black Swan Theory highlights the impact of unpredictable events.

Demographics

Germany is a diverse country with a population of over 83 million. The majority of the population is of German ethnicity, but there are significant Turkish, Polish, Syrian, and Romanian communities. German is the official language. Christianity is the most prevalent religion, but there is a growing Muslim population. Germany has a highly educated workforce. Life expectancy is among the highest in the world. Urbanization is high, with a large proportion of the population living in cities.

Culture

German culture is rich and diverse, with a long tradition of intellectual and artistic achievement. Germany is the birthplace of many influential composers, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Johannes Brahms. German literature is also highly regarded, with notable authors such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, and Thomas Mann. Germany is known for its beer, sausages, and Christmas markets. The country has a thriving contemporary art scene. German cuisine varies regionally, but often features hearty dishes with meat, potatoes, and vegetables. The concept of *Gemütlichkeit* – a feeling of warmth, friendliness, and belonging – is central to German culture.

Tourism

Germany is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. Major attractions include:

  • **Berlin:** The capital city, known for its historical landmarks, museums, and vibrant nightlife.
  • **Munich:** The capital of Bavaria, famous for its beer gardens, Oktoberfest, and proximity to the Alps.
  • **Cologne:** Home to the magnificent Cologne Cathedral.
  • **Hamburg:** A major port city with a rich maritime history.
  • **Neuschwanstein Castle:** A fairytale castle built by King Ludwig II of Bavaria.
  • **The Romantic Road:** A scenic route through Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, passing through picturesque towns and castles.
  • **The Black Forest:** A densely wooded mountain range known for its hiking trails and traditional villages.

Administrative Divisions

Germany is divided into 16 states (Länder):

1. Baden-Württemberg 2. Bavaria (Bayern) 3. Berlin 4. Brandenburg 5. Bremen 6. Hamburg 7. Hesse (Hessen) 8. Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) 9. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 10. North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen) 11. Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) 12. Saarland 13. Saxony (Sachsen) 14. Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt) 15. Schleswig-Holstein 16. Thuringia (Thüringen)

Each state has its own government and constitution, and enjoys a degree of autonomy.

Transportation

Germany has a well-developed transportation infrastructure, including a network of autobahns (highways), railways, airports, and waterways. The autobahn is famous for its sections with no speed limit. Deutsche Bahn (DB) is the national railway company. Frankfurt Airport is one of the busiest airports in Europe. The Rhine River is an important waterway for transporting goods.

Education

Germany has a highly regarded education system. Education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 15. The system is divided into primary school, secondary school, and higher education. There are numerous universities and colleges throughout the country, offering a wide range of academic programs. Tuition fees are relatively low compared to other countries.

Environmental Issues

Germany is committed to environmental protection and sustainability. The country has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy. However, Germany still faces environmental challenges, including air pollution, water pollution, and the preservation of biodiversity. The *Energiewende* (energy transition) is a major policy initiative aimed at phasing out nuclear power and increasing the share of renewable energy sources.

International Relations

Germany is a key player in international relations, particularly within the European Union. It maintains close diplomatic and economic ties with many countries around the world. Germany is a strong supporter of multilateralism and international cooperation.

European Union Berlin Munich German language German cuisine List of German monarchs German reunification World War II Otto von Bismarck Angela Merkel

Technical Analysis Fundamental Analysis Market Trends Risk Management Diversification Candlestick Patterns Moving Averages Bollinger Bands Relative Strength Index (RSI) MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) Fibonacci Retracements Elliott Wave Theory Stochastic Oscillator Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) Average True Range (ATR) Ichimoku Cloud Black Swan Theory Correlation Analysis Sentiment Analysis Parabolic SAR Pivot Points Chaikin Money Flow Accumulation/Distribution Line On Balance Volume (OBV) Williams %R

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