CSS customization

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CSS Customization in MediaWiki

This article provides a comprehensive guide to customizing the appearance of your MediaWiki installation using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). CSS allows you to control the layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual presentation of your wiki, moving beyond the default look and feel. This guide is aimed at beginners, requiring no prior CSS experience, though some familiarity with HTML will be helpful.

Understanding CSS and MediaWiki

CSS is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. MediaWiki generates HTML, and therefore, CSS can be used to modify its appearance. MediaWiki offers several ways to apply CSS:

  • Global CSS: Affects the entire wiki. Typically modified in the `MediaWiki:Common.css` page. Requires administrator privileges. This is where you would make site-wide changes, like adjusting the header, the sidebar, or the default font.
  • User CSS: Affects only the appearance for a specific user. Modified in the user's personal `User:YourUsername/vector.css` (or equivalent, depending on the skin being used – see below). This allows users to personalize their own wiki experience.
  • Skin-Specific CSS: Each skin (e.g., Vector, MonoBook, Modern) has its own default CSS. You can customize the skin by creating or modifying CSS files associated with that skin. This is less common for general customization.
  • Page-Specific CSS: CSS can be added to individual pages using the `<style>` tag within the wikitext, but this is generally discouraged for large-scale customization and is better suited for minor, page-specific adjustments.

Skins and CSS

The skin dictates the overall structure and default styling of your wiki. Different skins have different CSS structures and potential areas for customization. The most popular skin currently is Vector. Other common skins include MonoBook, Modern, and Timeless.

To determine which skin your wiki is using, look at the bottom of any page; it's usually indicated near the copyright notice. The location of your user CSS file will depend on the skin:

  • Vector: `User:YourUsername/vector.css`
  • MonoBook: `User:YourUsername/monobook.css`
  • Modern: `User:YourUsername/modern.css`

If the file doesn't exist, you can create it.

Basic CSS Syntax

CSS rules consist of two main parts: a *selector* and a *declaration block*.

  • Selector: Specifies the HTML element(s) you want to style. Examples include `body`, `h1`, `p`, `.class-name`, `#element-id`.
  • Declaration Block: Contains one or more *declarations*, separated by semicolons. Each declaration consists of a *property* and a *value*.

Here's an example:

```css h1 { 

 color: blue;
 font-size: 2em;

} ```

This rule selects all `

` elements on the page and sets their color to blue and their font size to 2em (double the default font size).

Common CSS Selectors

Understanding selectors is crucial for effective CSS customization. Here are some common types:

  • Element Selectors: Select elements based on their tag name (e.g., `p`, `div`, `a`).
  • Class Selectors: Select elements with a specific class attribute (e.g., `.my-class`). Classes are assigned in the HTML using `class="my-class"`.
  • ID Selectors: Select a single element with a specific ID attribute (e.g., `#my-id`). IDs are assigned in the HTML using `id="my-id"`. IDs should be unique on a page.
  • Attribute Selectors: Select elements based on the presence or value of an attribute (e.g., `a[href]`, `img[alt="Image Description"]`).
  • Pseudo-classes: Select elements based on their state (e.g., `a:hover`, `input:focus`).
  • Pseudo-elements: Select specific parts of an element (e.g., `p::first-line`, `div::before`).
  • Descendant Selectors: Select elements that are descendants of another element (e.g., `div p`, which selects all `

    ` elements within a `

    `).
  • Child Selectors: Select direct children of an element (e.g., `div > p`, which selects only `

    ` elements that are immediate children of a `

    `).

Customizing Common Elements

Let's look at some practical examples of customizing common MediaWiki elements. Remember to test your changes in a user CSS file first before applying them globally.

  • Changing the Background Color:

```css body { 

 background-color: #f0f0f0; /* Light gray */

} ```

  • Modifying the Header:

```css

  1. header {
 background-color: #336699; /* Dark blue */
 color: white;

} ```

  • Styling Links:

```css a { 

 color: #007bff; /* Blue */
 text-decoration: none; /* Remove underline */

}

a:hover { 

 text-decoration: underline; /* Add underline on hover */

} ```

  • Adjusting Font Sizes:

```css .mw-body { 

 font-size: 16px;

}

h1 { 

 font-size: 2em;

} ```

  • Modifying Sidebar Appearance:

```css

  1. sidebar {
 width: 250px;
 background-color: #e9ecef; /* Light gray */

} ```

Using Developer Tools

Modern web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge) include powerful developer tools that are invaluable for CSS customization. These tools allow you to:

  • Inspect HTML elements to see their CSS properties.
  • Modify CSS properties in real-time to see the effect.
  • Identify the specific CSS rules that are being applied to an element.
  • Debug CSS issues.

To open developer tools, usually right-clicking on the webpage and selecting "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" will do the trick. Learning to use these tools will significantly speed up your customization process.

Important Considerations

  • Specificity: CSS rules are applied based on their specificity. More specific selectors override less specific ones. For example, an ID selector is more specific than a class selector, which is more specific than an element selector.
  • Cascading: CSS rules are applied in a cascading order. Rules defined later in the stylesheet can override rules defined earlier.
  • !important: The `!important` declaration can be used to override specificity, but it should be used sparingly as it can make your CSS harder to maintain.
  • Caching: Browsers often cache CSS files. If you make changes to your CSS, you may need to clear your browser's cache to see the updates. In MediaWiki, clearing the server-side cache may also be necessary for global CSS changes.
  • Accessibility: When customizing CSS, always consider accessibility. Ensure that your changes do not make the wiki less usable for people with disabilities. For example, use sufficient color contrast and provide alternative text for images.
  • Mobile Responsiveness: Consider how your customizations will look on different devices, particularly mobile phones and tablets. Using techniques like media queries can help you create responsive designs.

Advanced Techniques

  • Media Queries: Allow you to apply different CSS rules based on the characteristics of the device (e.g., screen size, orientation).

```css @media (max-width: 768px) { 

 /* Styles for screens smaller than 768px */
 #sidebar {
   width: 100%;
 }

} ```

  • CSS Variables (Custom Properties): Allow you to define reusable values that can be used throughout your CSS.

```css

root {
 --primary-color: #007bff;

}

a { 

 color: var(--primary-color);

} ```

  • CSS Frameworks: While not typically used directly in MediaWiki customization, understanding frameworks like Bootstrap or Tailwind CSS can provide inspiration and best practices.

Resources and Further Learning

Relating to Binary Options Trading (Conceptual Links)

While seemingly disparate, the principles of customization and optimization apply across disciplines. Here are some conceptual connections to binary options trading:

  • Risk Management (Specificity): Understanding the specificity of your trading strategies (e.g., using specific indicators) is akin to CSS specificity – focusing on the *most* relevant factors.
  • Trend Analysis (Cascading): Identifying dominant trends and adjusting your strategies accordingly mirrors the cascading nature of CSS rules, where later rules override earlier ones.
  • Technical Indicators (Selectors): Using specific technical indicators (like RSI, MACD, or Bollinger Bands) to identify trading opportunities is like using CSS selectors to target specific elements.
  • Volatility Analysis (ATR): Adjusting your trade size based on market volatility is similar to using media queries to adapt to different device sizes.
  • Trading Volume Analysis (On Balance Volume): Assessing trading volume to confirm signals is like inspecting HTML elements to understand their CSS properties.
  • Money Management (Martingale): Developing a robust money management strategy is like creating a well-structured CSS stylesheet – ensuring consistency and avoiding conflicts.
  • Call Options (Positive Confirmation): A call option being 'in the money' is like a CSS rule successfully overriding a default style.
  • Put Options (Negative Confirmation): A put option being 'in the money' is like a CSS rule being overridden by a more specific rule.
  • Boundary Options (Range Trading): Trading within defined boundaries is similar to setting specific width parameters in CSS.
  • High/Low Options (Trend Following): Identifying high/low points in a trend is like selecting elements based on their position in the HTML structure.
  • One-Touch Options (Event-Driven): Trading on a single touch of a price level is like using a pseudo-class selector (e.g., `:hover`).
  • 60-Second Options (Rapid Adjustment): The speed of 60-second options demands rapid adjustments, much like debugging CSS in real-time with developer tools.
  • Binary Options Strategy (Straddle Strategy): A straddle strategy requires careful calibration, similar to fine-tuning CSS properties.
  • Hedging Strategies (Covered Call): Hedging strategies provide a safety net, analogous to using robust CSS to ensure a consistent user experience.
  • Price Action Trading (Candlestick Patterns): Analyzing candlestick patterns to predict price movements is like inspecting the visual representation of HTML elements through CSS.


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