Run Tests

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  1. Run Tests

This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to run tests within a MediaWiki environment, focusing on the tools and methodologies available to ensure the quality and stability of your wiki and its extensions. It's designed for beginners with little to no prior experience in software testing. We'll cover different types of tests, the tools available, how to interpret results, and best practices for maintaining a robust testing process. This is crucial for a healthy Development process.

Why Run Tests?

Before diving into *how* to run tests, it's essential to understand *why* they are important. Software development, including MediaWiki extension creation and wiki configuration, is prone to errors. Bugs can arise from a variety of sources: typos in code, logical errors in algorithms, unexpected user input, or conflicts between different parts of the system.

Running tests helps to:

  • **Identify bugs early:** Finding and fixing bugs early in the development cycle is significantly cheaper and easier than addressing them after the wiki is live and in use.
  • **Ensure code quality:** Tests act as a safety net, verifying that changes to the codebase don't introduce new problems or break existing functionality. This is particularly important when multiple developers are working on the same project.
  • **Facilitate refactoring:** Tests allow you to confidently refactor (restructure) code without fear of breaking things. If the tests pass after refactoring, you know you haven't introduced any regressions.
  • **Document code behavior:** Tests serve as living documentation, illustrating how the code is intended to work.
  • **Improve reliability:** A well-tested wiki is more reliable and less likely to crash or exhibit unexpected behavior.
  • **Maintain Stability:** Consistent testing helps maintain the overall stability of the wiki, preventing disruptions for users. This relates directly to Site reliability engineering.

Types of Tests

Several different types of tests can be employed to verify the functionality of a MediaWiki wiki and its extensions. Here's a breakdown of the most common ones:

  • **Unit Tests:** These tests focus on individual components or functions of the code. They isolate a small piece of code and verify that it behaves as expected. For example, a unit test might verify that a function correctly calculates a discount price based on a given input.
  • **Integration Tests:** Integration tests verify the interactions between different components of the system. They ensure that components work together correctly. For instance, an integration test might verify that a form submission correctly updates a database record.
  • **Functional Tests (or End-to-End Tests):** These tests simulate real user scenarios, testing the entire system from start to finish. They verify that the wiki functions as expected from the user's perspective. An example would be testing the entire process of creating a new page, saving it, and viewing it.
  • **Regression Tests:** Regression tests are run after code changes to ensure that existing functionality hasn't been broken. They re-run previously successful tests to verify that the changes haven't introduced any regressions (unintended side effects).
  • **Performance Tests:** These tests evaluate the performance of the wiki under different load conditions. They measure things like page load time, server response time, and resource usage. This is vital for handling high Website traffic.
  • **Security Tests:** Security tests identify vulnerabilities in the wiki that could be exploited by attackers. They include things like cross-site scripting (XSS) testing, SQL injection testing, and authentication testing.
  • **User Interface (UI) Tests:** These tests verify that the user interface is functioning correctly and is visually appealing. They check things like button placement, form validation, and responsiveness. Consider the impact of User experience design.

Tools for Running Tests

MediaWiki offers several tools and frameworks for running tests:

  • **PHPUnit:** PHPUnit is the standard unit testing framework for PHP, the language MediaWiki is written in. It provides a rich set of features for writing and running unit tests, including test runners, assertions, and mocking. PHPUnit documentation is an invaluable resource.
  • **Selenium:** Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web browsers. It's commonly used for functional and UI testing. Selenium allows you to write scripts that simulate user interactions with the wiki, such as clicking buttons, filling out forms, and navigating pages. See Selenium documentation for details.
  • **Behat:** Behat is a behavior-driven development (BDD) framework. It allows you to write tests in a human-readable format, using a language called Gherkin. Behat is useful for defining acceptance criteria and ensuring that the wiki meets the needs of its users. Behat documentation is a good starting point.
  • **BrowserStack/Sauce Labs:** These are cloud-based testing platforms that allow you to run tests on a variety of browsers and operating systems. They are particularly useful for ensuring cross-browser compatibility.
  • **MediaWiki's built-in testing framework:** MediaWiki itself has a basic testing framework that can be used for simple tests. This framework is often used for testing core MediaWiki functionality. Look into the `includes/tests/` directory of a MediaWiki installation.
  • **WebdriverIO:** Another excellent tool for end-to-end testing, offering a modern approach to browser automation. See WebdriverIO documentation.

Setting Up a Testing Environment

Before running tests, you need to set up a testing environment. This environment should be as similar to the production environment as possible, but it should be isolated to prevent accidental modifications to the live wiki.

1. **Clone the repository:** If you're working with an extension or core MediaWiki code, clone the Git repository to your local machine. 2. **Set up a database:** Create a dedicated database for testing. Avoid using the production database. 3. **Configure `LocalSettings.php`:** Modify the `LocalSettings.php` file to connect to the testing database and configure other testing-related settings. Ensure `$wgDebugToolbar` is enabled for debugging. 4. **Install dependencies:** Use Composer (a dependency management tool for PHP) to install any required dependencies. `composer install` 5. **Run migrations:** If your extension or code changes involve database schema changes, run the necessary database migrations.

Running Tests: A Practical Example (PHPUnit)

Let's illustrate how to run a simple unit test using PHPUnit. Assume you have a function called `calculateDiscount` that calculates a discount price based on a given price and discount percentage.

1. **Create a test file:** Create a file named `CalculateDiscountTest.php` in a `tests/` directory within your extension or project.

```php <?php

use MediaWiki\PHPUnit\PHPUnitIntegrationTest; use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class CalculateDiscountTest extends PHPUnitIntegrationTest { 

   public function testCalculateDiscount() {
       $price = 100;
       $discountPercentage = 10;
       $expectedDiscountedPrice = 90;

       $actualDiscountedPrice = calculateDiscount( $price, $discountPercentage );

       $this->assertEquals( $expectedDiscountedPrice, $actualDiscountedPrice, "Discount calculation failed" );
   }

}

function calculateDiscount( $price, $discountPercentage ) { 

   return $price * (1 - ($discountPercentage / 100));

} ```

2. **Run the test:** Navigate to the root directory of your project in the command line and run the following command:

```bash vendor/bin/phpunit tests/CalculateDiscountTest.php ```

3. **Interpret the results:** PHPUnit will run the test and display the results. If the test passes, you'll see a message indicating that the test was successful. If the test fails, you'll see an error message explaining why. Pay close attention to the error message to identify and fix the bug.

Best Practices for Testing

  • **Write tests early and often:** Don't wait until the end of the development cycle to write tests. Write them as you go, alongside the code.
  • **Keep tests small and focused:** Each test should focus on a single aspect of the code.
  • **Use meaningful test names:** Test names should clearly describe what the test is verifying.
  • **Write clear and concise assertions:** Assertions should be easy to understand and should clearly state what you expect to happen.
  • **Mock dependencies:** Use mocking to isolate the code you're testing from its dependencies. This makes tests faster and more reliable. Consider using Mocking frameworks.
  • **Automate your tests:** Use a continuous integration (CI) system to automatically run tests whenever code changes are pushed to the repository. Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) is essential.
  • **Regularly review tests:** Tests should be reviewed along with the code to ensure they are accurate and effective.
  • **Test edge cases:** Don't just test the happy path. Test edge cases and boundary conditions to ensure that the code handles unexpected input gracefully. This relates to Risk management.
  • **Consider code coverage:** Use tools to measure code coverage to identify areas of the code that are not being tested.
  • **Document your tests:** Explain the purpose of each test and how it works. This makes it easier for others to understand and maintain the tests.
  • **Embrace Test-Driven Development (TDD):** A development approach where you write tests *before* writing the code itself. Test-Driven Development.

Advanced Testing Concepts

  • **Data-Driven Testing:** Running the same test with different sets of input data.
  • **Parameterized Tests:** Similar to data-driven testing, but using parameters to define the input data.
  • **Test Doubles (Mocks, Stubs, Spies):** Replacing dependencies with controlled substitutes during testing.
  • **Code Coverage Analysis:** Measuring the percentage of code that is executed by tests.
  • **Mutation Testing:** Introducing small changes to the code and verifying that the tests fail.
  • **Fuzzing:** Providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as input to the system to identify vulnerabilities.
  • **Static Analysis Tools:** Tools that analyze code without executing it, identifying potential errors and vulnerabilities. For example, PHPStan.

Resources and Further Learning

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