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Categories are a fundamental organizational tool within a MediaWiki wiki, allowing for the logical grouping of pages based on shared themes, topics, or characteristics. They are essential for making a wiki navigable, searchable, and maintainable, especially as its content grows. This article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and utilizing categories in MediaWiki, geared towards beginners.

What are Categories?

Think of categories as folders in a computer filing system. Just as you would place documents related to “Finance” into a “Finance” folder, you assign a page to a category to indicate its relevance to a particular topic. Unlike folders, a single page can belong to *multiple* categories simultaneously. This allows for flexible organization and cross-referencing of information.

Categories aren't content themselves; they are *metadata* – data *about* the content. They help users find related pages without needing to know the exact page titles. They also aid in administrative tasks like identifying gaps in coverage or restructuring the wiki.

Creating Categories

Creating a category is remarkably simple. You create a category page just like any other page, but it must begin with the namespace prefix `Category:`. For example, to create a category for pages about "Technical Analysis", you would create a page titled `Category:Technical Analysis`.

The content of a category page is typically minimal. It often contains a brief description of the category's scope and purpose. However, the real power of a category lies not in the category page itself, but in the pages *assigned* to it.

Here's an example of a basic category page (`Category:Technical Analysis`):

```wiki

Category:Technical Analysis

This category contains pages related to the methods and tools used to analyze financial markets by examining past price and volume data. This includes Chart Patterns, Indicators, and various Trading Strategies. ```

Assigning Pages to Categories

The core of category usage is assigning pages to them. This is done using a special tag placed on the page you want to categorize. The tag is simply ``.

For example, if you have a page titled "Moving Average", you would add the following line to the bottom of the page (or within the wikitext, typically near any other categorization tags):

```wiki ```

This tells MediaWiki that the "Moving Average" page is relevant to the "Technical Analysis" category. When you view the "Category:Technical Analysis" page, "Moving Average" will appear in the list of member pages.

You can assign a page to *multiple* categories by adding multiple category tags. For example:

```wiki ```

This would place the "Moving Average" page in all three categories.

Subcategories

Categories can be organized hierarchically using subcategories. This allows for a more refined and structured categorization system. To create a subcategory, simply create a category page whose name includes the parent category, separated by a colon.

For example, to create a subcategory of "Technical Analysis" called "Chart Patterns", you would create a page titled `Category:Technical Analysis:Chart Patterns`.

Pages can then be assigned to the subcategory using the full path:

```wiki ```

A page assigned to a subcategory automatically inherits membership in its parent categories. So, a page categorized as `` is also considered a member of ``. This creates a natural inheritance structure.

Hidden Categories

MediaWiki allows for the creation of "hidden categories". These categories are used for administrative purposes or to group pages that shouldn't be prominently displayed in category listings. Hidden categories are designated by adding the `hidden` keyword to the category tag.

```wiki

```

Pages assigned to a hidden category will not appear in standard category listings or in search results unless specifically requested. They are primarily used for tracking tasks, identifying orphaned pages, or categorizing content that is still under development.

Category Pages and Listing

When you view a category page (e.g., `Category:Technical Analysis`), MediaWiki automatically generates a listing of all pages assigned to that category and its subcategories. The listing typically includes:

  • **Pages:** Pages directly assigned to the category.
  • **Subcategories:** Subcategories contained within the category. These are often listed separately.
  • **Files:** (If applicable) Files (images, documents, etc.) assigned to the category.

The default sorting of pages within a category is alphabetical by title. However, you can control the sorting order using special "sort keys" (explained below).

Sort Keys

Sometimes, you want to control the order in which pages appear within a category, independent of their titles. You can do this using sort keys. A sort key is added to the category tag, separated by a pipe (`|`).

For example:

```wiki ```

This would cause the page to be listed under the letter "F" within the "Technical Analysis" category, even if the page title is something like "Fibonacci Retracements". Sort keys are particularly useful for standardizing the sorting of pages with similar titles or for grouping related pages together.

Recursion and Category Depth

Categories are *recursive*. This means that when you view a category page, you see not only the pages directly assigned to it, but also the pages contained within its subcategories, and so on, down the category hierarchy.

However, MediaWiki has a limit on the depth of recursion to prevent performance issues. This limit can be configured by a wiki administrator. Understanding recursion is crucial for designing a well-structured categorization system. Avoid creating excessively deep category hierarchies, as this can make navigation difficult and potentially exceed the recursion limit.

Best Practices for Category Design

  • **Specificity:** Choose category names that are specific and clearly define the scope of the category. Avoid overly broad categories that become cluttered and unhelpful.
  • **Consistency:** Use consistent naming conventions for categories. For example, always use singular or plural forms consistently.
  • **Hierarchy:** Utilize subcategories to create a logical hierarchy. This makes it easier to navigate and find related pages.
  • **Avoid Redundancy:** Don't create multiple categories that essentially cover the same topic. Combine related categories where appropriate.
  • **Documentation:** Document the purpose and scope of each category on its category page. This helps other editors understand how to use the categorization system.
  • **Regular Review:** Periodically review the categorization system to ensure it remains relevant and effective. Remove obsolete categories and adjust existing categories as needed.
  • **Think about the User:** Design the category structure from the perspective of the user. What terms would they use to search for information?

Advanced Category Features

  • **Category Redirects:** Similar to page redirects, you can create category redirects to point one category name to another. This is useful for handling typos or renaming categories without breaking existing links.
  • **Hidden Category Members:** You can hide individual pages *within* a category using the `` magic word. This is useful for excluding certain pages from the category listing without removing them from the category entirely.
  • **CategoryLinks:** This parser function allows you to dynamically list the members of a category on a page. This can be used to create custom category indexes or reports.
  • **Special:Categories:** This special page lists all categories on the wiki, making it easy to browse and manage the categorization system.

Categories in Relation to Other Wiki Features

  • **Templates:** Categories can be used in conjunction with Templates to automatically categorize pages based on template parameters.
  • **Infoboxes:** Infoboxes often include category tags to automatically categorize pages that use the infobox.
  • **Search:** Categories significantly enhance wiki search functionality by allowing users to narrow their searches to specific topics.
  • **Navigation:** Categories provide a key element of wiki navigation, allowing users to browse related pages.

Examples of Category Structures

Here are some examples of category structures for different types of wikis:

  • **Financial Wiki:** `Category:Finance`, `Category:Investing`, `Category:Technical Analysis`, `Category:Fundamental Analysis`, `Category:Trading Strategies`, `Category:Indicators`, `Category:Market Trends`, `Category:Economic Indicators`
  • **Gaming Wiki:** `Category:Games`, `Category:Video Games`, `Category:Board Games`, `Category:Game Mechanics`, `Category:Characters`, `Category:Levels`, `Category:Items`
  • **Science Wiki:** `Category:Science`, `Category:Physics`, `Category:Chemistry`, `Category:Biology`, `Category:Astronomy`, `Category:Mathematics`

Strategies, Technical Analysis, Indicators, and Trends – Further Exploration

To delve deeper into the world of financial markets, consider exploring these concepts:



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