Federal Assembly of Russia

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  1. redirect Federal Assembly of Russia

Introduction

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Structure and Syntax

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Parameter Description
Description A brief description of the content of the page.
Example Template:Short description: "Binary Options Trading: Simple strategies for beginners."

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Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

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Conclusion

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    • Financial Disclaimer**

The information provided herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. All content, opinions, and recommendations are provided for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any financial instruments.

Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk. The author, its affiliates, and publishers shall not be liable for any loss or damage, including indirect, incidental, or consequential losses, arising from the use or reliance on the information provided.

Before making any financial decisions, you are strongly advised to consult with a qualified financial advisor and conduct your own research and due diligence. Template:Infobox template

Template:Infobox country is a highly standardized and widely used template on Wikipedia (and other MediaWiki installations) designed to present key information about a country in a consistent and easily digestible format. It's a crucial component of many country-related articles and contributes significantly to the overall uniformity and readability of Wikipedia’s geographical content. This article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding, using, and customizing the Infobox country template, geared towards beginners. We will cover its purpose, parameters, common usages, advanced techniques, and troubleshooting.

Purpose and Importance

The primary purpose of the Infobox country template is to provide a quick overview of essential country data. This includes things like the official name, capital city, demographics, government type, and economic indicators. By using a standardized template like this, Wikipedia avoids inconsistencies in presentation and allows readers to quickly compare information across different country pages.

Consistency is paramount for an encyclopedia. The Infobox country template enforces this by:

  • **Standardizing Data Presentation:** Ensures information is presented in the same order and format across all country articles.
  • **Facilitating Comparison:** Allows readers to easily compare key statistics between countries.
  • **Enhancing Readability:** Presents information in a visually appealing and organized manner, making it easier to scan and understand.
  • **Supporting Data Integration:** The structured data within the infobox can be used for automated data analysis and integration with other Wikipedia projects. This is akin to using structured data for time series analysis in financial markets.

Basic Usage

To use the Infobox country template, you simply copy the template code (found at Template:Infobox country) and paste it into the beginning of the country article. You then replace the placeholder values with the actual data for the country in question. Here's a basic example:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Infobox country ```

This code will generate an infobox displaying the information you provided. The lines starting with a pipe symbol (|) represent the parameters of the template. Each parameter corresponds to a specific piece of information.

Key Parameters

The Infobox country template has a large number of parameters, allowing for a detailed presentation of country data. Here’s a breakdown of some of the most important ones:

  • **`name`**: The official common name of the country.
  • **`native_name`**: The country's name in its official language(s).
  • **`image`**: The filename of an image to display (e.g., a map or flag).
  • **`image_caption`**: A caption for the image.
  • **`flag`**: Specifically for the country's flag. Often preferred over `image` for flags.
  • **`flag_type`**: The type of flag (e.g., civil, state).
  • **`coat_of_arms`**: The filename of the country’s coat of arms.
  • **`coat_of_arms_type`**: The type of coat of arms (e.g., national, royal).
  • **`anthem`**: The name of the country’s national anthem. Can also accept a link to an audio file.
  • **`capital`**: The country's capital city.
  • **`largest_city`**: The country’s largest city (distinct from the capital).
  • **`official_languages`**: A list of the country's official language(s). Use a template like Template:Langlist for multilingual lists.
  • **`ethnic_groups`**: Information about the country's ethnic composition.
  • **`government_type`**: The type of government (e.g., republic, monarchy).
  • **`leader_title1` & `leader_name1`**: The title and name of the head of state. `leader_title2` and `leader_name2` can be used for a head of government if different.
  • **`legislature`**: The name of the country’s legislature.
  • **`population`**: The country's total population.
  • **`population_estimate_year`**: The year the population estimate is from.
  • **`population_density`**: The population density (people per square kilometer or mile).
  • **`area`**: The country's total area in square miles.
  • **`area_km2`**: The country's total area in square kilometers.
  • **`GDP_nominal`**: The country’s Gross Domestic Product (nominal). This is a key economic indicator.
  • **`GDP_rank`**: The country’s GDP rank globally.
  • **`GDP_per_capita`**: The country’s GDP per capita. Useful for measuring standard of living.
  • **`currency`**: The country's official currency.
  • **`currency_code`**: The currency's ISO 4217 code.
  • **`timezone`**: The country's time zone(s).
  • **`driving_side`**: The side of the road on which traffic drives (left or right).
  • **`calling_code`**: The country's international calling code.

This is not an exhaustive list, but it covers the most frequently used parameters. A complete list can be found at Template:Infobox country/doc. Understanding these parameters is crucial for effectively using the template. Consider this similar to understanding technical indicators in trading - knowing what each component represents is essential.

Advanced Techniques

Beyond the basic usage, the Infobox country template offers several advanced techniques for customization and data presentation.

  • **Using Templates within Parameters:** You can use other templates within the Infobox country template to format data. For example, you can use Template:Langlist to create a nicely formatted list of official languages.
  • **Conditional Formatting:** Using parameters like `{{{display_name}}}`, you can conditionally display information based on specific conditions. This is useful for handling variations in country names or political status.
  • **Units and Conversions:** Be consistent with units (e.g., use either square miles or square kilometers for area). You can use templates like Template:Convert to automatically convert between units.
  • **Handling Multiple Values:** For parameters that can have multiple values (e.g., official languages, ethnic groups), use a list format separated by commas or semicolons.
  • **Using Lua Modules:** The Infobox country template utilizes Lua modules for some of its functionality, such as calculating area and population density. While you don't need to understand Lua to use the template, it’s helpful to know that it’s powered by this scripting language. This is akin to algorithmic trading, where complex trading strategies are automated using code.
  • **Data Validation**: Ensure the data you input is accurate and verifiable. Cite your sources using references. Incorrect data can lead to misinformation. Similar to risk management in trading, verifying information is crucial.
  • **Parameter Aliases**: The template often offers aliases for parameters, making it easier to use. For example, `area_km2` might also accept `area_sq_km`. Check the documentation for aliases.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

  • **Infobox Not Displaying:** Make sure you've copied the template code correctly and that the parameters are spelled correctly. Check for syntax errors (e.g., missing equal signs or pipe symbols).
  • **Incorrect Data Displaying:** Double-check the values you've entered for each parameter. Ensure the data is accurate and up-to-date.
  • **Image Not Displaying:** Verify that the image filename is correct and that the image exists on Wikimedia Commons. Also, check if the image is licensed appropriately for use on Wikipedia.
  • **Formatting Issues:** If the infobox is not formatting correctly, try clearing your browser's cache or using a different browser. Also, check the template documentation for any known formatting issues.
  • **Template Errors:** If you encounter a template error message, consult the Help:Templates page or ask for help on the Wikipedia:Teahouse page.
  • **Conflicting Parameters:** Avoid using conflicting parameters or parameters that duplicate information. This can lead to unexpected results.

Staying Up-to-Date

The Infobox country template is constantly evolving as the Wikipedia community adds new features and improvements. It’s important to stay up-to-date with the latest changes.

  • **Check the Documentation:** The Template:Infobox country/doc page is the primary source of information about the template.
  • **Monitor the Template Page:** The Template:Infobox country page contains the template code and any associated discussions.
  • **Participate in Discussions:** If you have suggestions for improving the template, participate in the discussions on the template page or the relevant Wikipedia talk pages.
  • **Be Aware of Deprecated Parameters**: The template documentation will highlight parameters that are no longer recommended for use.

Relationship to Other Templates and Projects

The Infobox country template is just one piece of a larger ecosystem of templates and projects on Wikipedia.

  • **Template:Infobox settlement**: Used for cities, towns, and other settlements.
  • **Template:Infobox historic site**: Used for historical sites and monuments.
  • **Template:Infobox mountain**: Used for mountains and mountain ranges.
  • **Wikidata**: Wikipedia is increasingly integrating with Wikidata, a structured knowledge base. The Infobox country template can pull data from Wikidata, reducing the need for manual entry. This is similar to data feeds used in algorithmic trading.
  • **GeoHack**: Links in the infobox often utilize GeoHack to provide links to various mapping services.
  • **Mapit**: Another tool for linking to geographic coordinates.

Understanding these relationships can help you create more comprehensive and informative Wikipedia articles. Think of it as understanding the interconnectedness of different market sectors – each influences the other.

Further Resources

By following the guidelines and tips outlined in this article, you’ll be well-equipped to use the Infobox country template effectively and contribute to the quality of Wikipedia’s geographical content. Remember to always prioritize accuracy, consistency, and readability. The Infobox country, like a well-executed trading plan, requires attention to detail and a clear understanding of its components to achieve optimal results. Staying informed on market trends and updating your knowledge is also crucial, just as it is with this template.

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The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Russian: Федеральное Собрание Российской Федерации, Federal'noye Sobraniye Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the national legislature of the Russian Federation. It replaced the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in 1993, following the adoption of the new Constitution of Russia. It is a bicameral parliament, composed of two houses: the State Duma and the Federation Council. Understanding the structure and function of the Federal Assembly is crucial to understanding the political system of Russia. This article provides a comprehensive overview, geared towards beginners.

Historical Context

Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia was part of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Following the declaration of sovereignty by the Russian SFSR in 1990, a new Supreme Soviet was formed within Russia. However, this body became embroiled in a power struggle with President Boris Yeltsin, culminating in the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis. Yeltsin dissolved the existing parliament, and a new constitution was adopted by referendum, establishing the Federal Assembly as the new legislative body. This shift was a fundamental change, moving away from a Soviet-style system towards a more modern, albeit still evolving, parliamentary structure. The events of 1993 heavily influenced the powers granted to, and limitations placed upon, the Federal Assembly. Examining the historical context of these events is vital to understanding the current political landscape.

Structure of the Federal Assembly

The Federal Assembly comprises two chambers:

State Duma

The State Duma (Russian: Государственная Дума, Gosudarstvennaya Duma) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly. It is the more prominent body, primarily responsible for drafting and passing federal laws.

  • Composition: The State Duma consists of 450 deputies (members of parliament), elected for a term of five years.
  • Electoral System: The current electoral system is a mixed system, combining proportional representation (225 deputies elected from party lists with a 5% threshold) and single-member constituencies (225 deputies elected in individual districts). This system has undergone several changes since its inception, reflecting ongoing debates about fairness and representation. Understanding the nuances of the electoral system—including the impact of the 5% threshold and the dynamics of single-member districts—is critical for analyzing election results and the composition of the Duma.
  • Powers and Responsibilities:
   *  Legislative initiative: The Duma can propose laws.
   *  Federal lawmaking:  The primary responsibility for passing federal laws. Laws passed by the Duma must be approved by the Federation Council and signed into law by the President.
   *  Approval of the Prime Minister: The State Duma approves the President’s nominee for Prime Minister.  The Duma can express no confidence in the government, which, if successful twice within three months, leads to the President’s dismissal of the government.
   *  Oversight of the government: The Duma exercises oversight over the activities of the government.
   *  Impeachment of the President:  The Duma can initiate impeachment proceedings against the President, but this requires a complex process involving the Federation Council and the Constitutional Court.
   *  Declaring war and ratifying peace treaties: The Duma has the power to declare war and ratify peace treaties, although this power is exercised in conjunction with the President and the Federation Council.
  • Key Committees: The Duma operates through a system of committees specializing in various areas, such as defense, foreign affairs, finance, and health. These committees play a vital role in the legislative process, conducting hearings, reviewing bills, and making recommendations. Analyzing the composition and activities of these committees provides insight into the Duma’s priorities and policy direction.

Federation Council

The Federation Council (Russian: Совет Федерации, Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly. It represents the regions of Russia.

  • Composition: The Federation Council consists of 170 members – two representatives from each of the 85 federal subjects (republics, krais, oblasts, federal cities, autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs) of Russia. One representative is appointed by the legislative body of each federal subject, and the other is appointed by the executive body (typically the governor or mayor).
  • Powers and Responsibilities:
   *  Approval of laws passed by the State Duma: The Federation Council must approve laws passed by the State Duma before they become law.
   *  Confirmation of presidential appointments: The Federation Council confirms appointments made by the President, such as judges of the Constitutional Court, the Prosecutor General, and the Chairman of the Central Bank.
   *  Approval of changes to borders between federal subjects: The Federation Council must approve changes to the borders between federal subjects.
   *  Approval of the use of armed forces outside of Russia: The Federation Council must approve the use of the Russian armed forces outside of Russia.
   *  Decision on the possibility of early presidential elections: The Federation Council can call for early presidential elections under certain circumstances.
  • Role as Regional Representative: The Federation Council's primary function is to represent the interests of the regions. However, its powers are generally considered to be weaker than those of the State Duma, and it often acts as a rubber stamp for legislation initiated by the executive branch. The evolving dynamics between the Federation Council and the federal government are a key aspect of Russia's political system.

Legislative Process

The legislative process in the Federal Assembly involves several stages:

1. Initiation: A bill can be initiated by the President, the government, members of the State Duma, or the Federation Council. 2. First Reading (State Duma): The bill is debated and voted on in the State Duma. 3. Second Reading (State Duma): Amendments are proposed and debated, and the bill is voted on again. 4. Third Reading (State Duma): The bill is voted on in its final form. 5. Approval (Federation Council): The bill is sent to the Federation Council for approval. 6. Presidential Signature: If approved by the Federation Council, the bill is sent to the President for signature. The President can sign the bill into law, veto it (returning it to the Duma for reconsideration), or allow it to become law without signature. If the Duma overrides the President’s veto with a two-thirds majority vote, the bill becomes law.

This process demonstrates the checks and balances within the Russian legislative system, although the influence of the executive branch is considerable. The efficiency and transparency of this process are often subjects of debate.

Relationship with the Executive Branch

The Federal Assembly's relationship with the executive branch, particularly the President, is complex. While the constitution establishes a separation of powers, the President wields significant influence over the legislative process. The President can initiate legislation, veto laws, and dissolve the State Duma under certain circumstances. Furthermore, the Prime Minister and the government are accountable to the President, not directly to the Duma. This creates a system where the executive branch often dominates the legislative agenda. Understanding the power dynamics between the Federal Assembly and the President is crucial to understanding how laws are made and implemented in Russia. This can be analyzed using various **political risk assessment** methodologies.

Political Parties and Factions

The State Duma is composed of deputies representing various political parties and factions. The dominant party currently is United Russia. Other parties, such as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, and A Just Russia, also hold seats in the Duma. The composition of the Duma changes with each election, reflecting shifts in the political landscape. Analyzing the platforms and voting records of these parties provides insight into the ideological diversity and policy debates within the Federal Assembly. **Sentiment analysis** of parliamentary debates can reveal underlying political tensions.

The Constitutional Court and its Role

The Constitutional Court of Russia plays a critical role in overseeing the Federal Assembly's legislative activities. It ensures that laws passed by the Federal Assembly are consistent with the Constitution. The Constitutional Court can review laws on its own initiative or upon request from the President, the government, the State Duma, the Federation Council, or regional legislatures. Its decisions are binding and can invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional. The Court's independence and impartiality are vital for upholding the rule of law in Russia. **Legal precedent analysis** of Constitutional Court rulings provides a deeper understanding of constitutional interpretation.

Challenges and Criticisms

The Federal Assembly faces several challenges and criticisms:

  • Limited Independence: Critics argue that the Federal Assembly lacks sufficient independence from the executive branch, and that it often acts as a rubber stamp for presidential policies.
  • Electoral System Concerns: The electoral system has been criticized for being unfair and for favoring the ruling party. The 5% threshold for proportional representation is seen as a barrier to entry for smaller parties.
  • Lack of Transparency: Concerns have been raised about the transparency of the legislative process, particularly regarding the influence of lobbying and special interests.
  • Regional Representation: Some argue that the Federation Council does not adequately represent the interests of all regions of Russia.
  • Political Repression: Recent legislation and actions have been criticized as restricting political freedoms and suppressing dissent. Analyzing **time series data** on legislative changes related to political freedoms is crucial to understanding these trends.

These criticisms highlight the ongoing challenges facing the Federal Assembly in its efforts to develop into a truly representative and independent legislative body. **Regression analysis** of election results can help identify patterns of electoral manipulation.

Future Trends and Developments

The Federal Assembly is likely to continue to evolve in the coming years. Potential developments include:

  • Electoral Reform: Debate over electoral reform is likely to continue, with calls for a more proportional and inclusive electoral system.
  • Strengthening Regional Representation: There may be efforts to strengthen the role of the Federation Council and to improve regional representation.
  • Increased Oversight of the Executive Branch: Some observers hope for increased parliamentary oversight of the executive branch.
  • Digitalization of Legislative Processes: The Federal Assembly is likely to embrace digital technologies to improve the efficiency and transparency of its operations. Utilizing **blockchain technology** for secure voting and record-keeping could be explored.
  • Impact of Geopolitical Factors: Geopolitical events, such as the conflict in Ukraine, will continue to shape the legislative agenda and the Federal Assembly’s role in foreign policy. **Geopolitical forecasting** models can help anticipate these impacts.

Understanding these trends is essential for analyzing the future of the Russian political system. **Scenario planning** can help prepare for various potential outcomes. The application of **machine learning algorithms** to analyze legislative data can reveal hidden patterns and predict future legislative outcomes. The use of **technical indicators** such as moving averages on parliamentary voting records could highlight shifts in political alignment. Analyzing **correlation coefficients** between economic indicators and legislative outputs can reveal the influence of economic factors. Studying **volatility** in legislative outcomes can provide insights into political instability. **Risk parity** strategies applied to political analysis can help diversify understanding of potential outcomes. Employing **Monte Carlo simulations** can model the range of possible legislative scenarios. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)** can be applied to reduce the dimensionality of legislative data and identify key patterns. **Neural networks** can be trained to predict voting behavior. Utilizing **Fourier analysis** to identify cyclical patterns in legislative activity. Implementing **Value at Risk (VaR)** models to assess the potential downside risk of legislative outcomes. Monitoring **beta coefficients** to understand the sensitivity of legislative outcomes to external factors. Analyzing **Sharpe ratios** of different legislative proposals to assess their risk-adjusted returns. Applying **Elliott Wave Theory** to identify patterns in political cycles. Utilizing **Fibonacci retracements** to predict potential turning points in legislative trends. Employing **Ichimoku Cloud** indicators to identify support and resistance levels in the legislative landscape. Analyzing **Relative Strength Index (RSI)** to identify overbought or oversold conditions in legislative sentiment. Monitoring **MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)** to identify potential trend changes in legislative activity. Using **Bollinger Bands** to assess the volatility of legislative outcomes. Studying **Candlestick patterns** in parliamentary debates to identify potential reversals in political sentiment. Applying **stochastic oscillators** to identify momentum shifts in legislative activity. Utilizing **Average True Range (ATR)** to measure the volatility of legislative outcomes. Examining **On Balance Volume (OBV)** to assess the strength of legislative trends.

See Also

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