Parliament House (India)

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```wiki

  1. REDIRECT Sansad Bhavan
  1. Template:Infobox building

Template:Infobox building is a standardized formatting template used on Wikipedia and other MediaWiki-based wikis to display key information about buildings in a concise and visually appealing manner. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to understanding, using, and customizing this template, geared towards beginners. We will cover its purpose, the parameters it utilizes, how to implement it on a page, and best practices for ensuring its effective use. This guide assumes you have a basic understanding of editing on Wikipedia.

What is an Infobox?

An infobox is a sidebar-like box appearing typically on the right-hand side of a Wikipedia article. It's designed to quickly summarize essential facts about the article's subject. For buildings, this might include its location, architectural style, construction date, height, and other relevant details. Infoboxes promote consistency across articles, allowing readers to quickly find the same kinds of information regardless of the specific building being researched. They improve readability and overall user experience, providing a "snapshot" of the topic. Without infoboxes, key data would be buried within the main text, making it harder to access. Think of it like a quick reference guide. Similar infoboxes exist for various subjects, such as Template:Infobox person, Template:Infobox song, and Template:Infobox country.

Why use Template:Infobox building?

This specific template, `Infobox building`, is tailored to the unique characteristics of buildings. Using a dedicated template ensures that the information presented is relevant and organized in a way that makes sense for architectural structures. It’s more effective than attempting to create a similar structure using raw wiki markup, as the template handles much of the formatting automatically. Furthermore, consistent use of this template allows for potential data aggregation and analysis across the wiki, enabling features like lists of tallest buildings sorted by height or buildings built in a specific architectural style.

Understanding the Parameters

The `Infobox building` template uses a series of named parameters to define the information displayed. These parameters are entered into the template call within the article's source code. Here's a detailed breakdown of the most common and important parameters:

  • name (required): The official name of the building. This is the primary label for the infobox.
  • official_name (optional): If the building has a more formal or complete official name, it can be specified here. This will be displayed alongside the `name`.
  • image (optional): The filename of an image of the building. This should be a file already uploaded to the wiki. Use the format `Example.jpg`.
  • image_size (optional): Controls the width of the image in pixels. Defaults to 250px. Example: `image_size = 300px`.
  • caption (optional): A descriptive caption for the image.
  • location (required): The city and country where the building is located. Ideally, use a coordinate template (see below) for precise location.
  • coordinates (optional): Use a coordinate template like `Template:Coord` to specify the latitude and longitude of the building. This allows the building to be displayed on a map. Example: `Template:Coord`. Using coordinates is *highly* recommended.
  • latitude (optional, deprecated): Latitude coordinate (use `coordinates` instead).
  • longitude (optional, deprecated): Longitude coordinate (use `coordinates` instead).
  • address (optional): The full street address of the building.
  • architect (optional): The architect(s) who designed the building. Use linking to relevant architect pages if they exist.
  • style (optional): The architectural style of the building (e.g., Gothic, Modern, Art Deco). Link to relevant architectural style pages if available.
  • built (optional): The year the building was completed. Use a range for buildings constructed over multiple years (e.g., `1920–1930`).
  • height_m (optional): The height of the building in meters. Use a decimal for fractions.
  • height_ft (optional): The height of the building in feet. Use a decimal for fractions. *Only specify one height (meters or feet) to avoid confusion.* The template will automatically convert between the two.
  • floors (optional): The number of floors in the building.
  • materials (optional): The primary building materials used (e.g., steel, concrete, glass).
  • use (optional): The primary use of the building (e.g., residential, office, retail).
  • website (optional): The official website of the building.
  • notes (optional): Additional notes or information about the building.
  • map_type (optional): The type of map to display with the coordinates. Options include `default`, `terrain`, `satellite`, and `hybrid`.
  • map_size (optional): The size of the map in pixels. Defaults to 200px.
  • floor_area_m2 (optional): The floor area in square meters.
  • floor_area_ft2 (optional): The floor area in square feet.
  • cost (optional): The cost of construction.
  • tenant (optional): A major tenant of the building.

These are the most commonly used parameters, but the template may include others. Refer to the template's documentation page (linked below) for a complete list.

How to Implement the Template

To use the `Infobox building` template in an article, follow these steps:

1. **Edit the Article:** Open the Wikipedia article you want to add the infobox to in edit mode. 2. **Insert the Template Code:** At the beginning of the article (usually near the top), insert the following code:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Infobox building ```

3. **Fill in the Parameters:** Replace the empty values after each parameter name with the corresponding information for the building. Remember that `name` and `location` are required. 4. **Preview and Save:** Click the "Show preview" button to see how the infobox will look. If everything is correct, click the "Publish changes" button to save your edits.

    • Example:**

Let's say you're adding an infobox for the Empire State Building. Here's how the template code might look:

```wiki Template loop detected: Template:Infobox building ```

Best Practices and Tips

  • **Consistency:** Use the same parameters and formatting for all building infoboxes on the wiki.
  • **Accuracy:** Ensure all information is accurate and verifiable. Cite your sources. Consider using reliable sources such as architectural databases, official building websites, and academic publications.
  • **Coordinates:** *Always* include coordinates using the `Template:Coord` template. This adds significant value to the infobox.
  • **Image Quality:** Use high-resolution, well-composed images.
  • **Units:** Specify height in either meters or feet, but not both. The template automatically converts.
  • **Linking:** Link relevant terms to other Wikipedia articles (e.g., architect names, architectural styles). This improves navigation and provides readers with more information. For example, linking to Architectural style or History of architecture.
  • **Template Documentation:** Refer to the official template documentation page for the most up-to-date information and a complete list of parameters: Template:Infobox building/doc.
  • **Avoid Redundancy:** Don't repeat information that is already clearly stated in the main text of the article. The infobox should *summarize* key facts, not duplicate them.
  • **Use appropriate parameters:** Don't try to force information into a parameter that doesn't quite fit. If a suitable parameter doesn't exist, consider adding a note instead.
  • **Consider using a sandbox:** Before making changes to a live article, test your infobox edits in a sandbox environment to ensure they look as expected.
  • **Be mindful of screen readers:** Ensure the infobox is accessible to users with disabilities. Use clear and concise language in the caption and notes.

Advanced Techniques

  • **Conditional Parameters:** You can use conditional statements within the template to display certain parameters only if specific conditions are met. This requires a more advanced understanding of MediaWiki templates.
  • **Data from Wikidata:** The `Infobox building` template can be linked to data stored on Wikidata, allowing for automatic population of certain fields. This is a more advanced technique that requires familiarity with Wikidata and its query language.
  • **Custom Styling:** While generally discouraged, you can sometimes override the default styling of the infobox using CSS. However, this should be done with caution to avoid breaking the template's layout.

Troubleshooting

  • **Infobox Not Displaying:** Check for syntax errors in your template code. Make sure all required parameters are present.
  • **Incorrect Information:** Double-check the accuracy of the information you've entered.
  • **Image Not Showing:** Verify that the image file exists on the wiki and that the filename is correct. Ensure the image is not protected or restricted.
  • **Coordinates Not Working:** Make sure you're using the `Template:Coord` template correctly and that the latitude and longitude values are valid.

Related Templates and Concepts


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Parliament House (India) (officially known as Sansad Bhavan – Sanskrit for "Parliament House") is the seat of the Parliament of India, located in New Delhi. It houses the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). This iconic building is a testament to India’s democratic institutions and a significant architectural landmark. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Parliament House, covering its history, architecture, functionality, security, recent developments, and its role in Indian democracy.

History

The genesis of Parliament House dates back to the early 20th century, during the British Raj. The decision to build a separate legislative building was driven by the increasing demands for greater Indian participation in governance. Prior to this, legislative councils met in the Old Secretariat. The design was entrusted to two prominent British architects: Edwin Lutyens, who was responsible for the overall architectural plan for New Delhi, and Herbert Baker, who specifically designed Parliament House.

Construction began in 1912 and was completed in 1927, taking 15 years and costing ₹29 million at the time – a substantial sum in those days. The building was originally named the Council House and served as the legislative chamber for the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of States.

Following India's independence in 1947, the building continued to house the Parliament of India. It witnessed pivotal moments in the nation's history, including the drafting and adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950. Over the years, Parliament House has undergone several renovations and expansions to accommodate the growing needs of the Indian Parliament and the increasing number of parliamentarians.

Architecture

The architectural style of Parliament House is a blend of British Imperial and Indo-Saracenic influences. Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker masterfully combined classical European architectural elements with traditional Indian motifs. The building is circular in design, inspired by the Buddhist *stupa* and intended to symbolize dharma – righteousness.

  • Exterior: The exterior of Parliament House is characterized by a series of colonnades, verandas, and domes. The building is constructed primarily from sandstone sourced from Rajasthan, lending it a warm and earthy tone. The perimeter is surrounded by lush gardens, meticulously maintained and adding to the building’s grandeur. The building's circumference is approximately 750 feet (230 meters), and the diameter is approximately 170 feet (52 meters). The four gates are named after prominent leaders – Gate No. 1 is called the Mahatma Gandhi Gate, Gate No. 2 is the Jawaharlal Nehru Gate, Gate No. 3 is the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Gate, and Gate No. 4 is the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Gate.
  • Interior: The interior is equally impressive, featuring intricate carvings, frescoes, and murals depicting scenes from Indian history and mythology. The three main chambers – the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Central Hall – are adorned with rich furnishings and artwork.
   * Lok Sabha (House of the People): Designed by Herbert Baker, the Lok Sabha chamber is larger than the Rajya Sabha and can accommodate up to 545 members. It features a semi-circular seating arrangement and is decorated in shades of green.
   * Rajya Sabha (Council of States): Also designed by Herbert Baker, the Rajya Sabha chamber is smaller and has a seating capacity of up to 250 members. It is decorated in shades of red and purple.
   * Central Hall: This is the most iconic space within Parliament House, used for joint sessions of both houses, as well as for important ceremonies and events. It is dominated by a large dome and features portraits of prominent Indian leaders.  The Central Hall also houses the Parliament Library.

The architectural design incorporates principles of Vastu Shastra, the traditional Indian system of architecture, to ensure harmony and positive energy flow within the building. The use of natural light and ventilation is also a key feature, reflecting a sensitivity to the local climate.

Functionality

Parliament House serves as the nerve center of Indian democracy, functioning as the legislative branch of the government. It is where laws are debated, enacted, and amended.

  • Lok Sabha (House of the People): The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament, directly elected by the people of India based on universal adult suffrage. It is responsible for making laws on subjects listed in the Union List and Concurrent List. The Lok Sabha also controls the purse strings of the government, approving the annual budget.
  • Rajya Sabha (Council of States): The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of Parliament, representing the states and union territories of India. Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the state legislative assemblies. It has the power to review and amend legislation passed by the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha also plays a role in the election of the President of India.
  • Parliamentary Committees: Numerous parliamentary committees are formed to scrutinize legislation, conduct investigations, and provide recommendations to Parliament. These committees play a crucial role in ensuring transparency and accountability in governance. Some key committees include the Public Accounts Committee, the Estimates Committee, and the Standing Committee on Finance.
  • Sessions of Parliament: Parliament typically meets for three sessions each year – the Budget Session (February-March), the Monsoon Session (July-August), and the Winter Session (November-December). Special sessions may be convened to address urgent matters.

The functioning of Parliament House is governed by a set of rules and procedures, based on the principles of parliamentary democracy. Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha preside over the respective houses, ensuring orderly conduct and enforcing the rules.

Security

Given its importance as a symbol of national sovereignty, Parliament House is subject to stringent security measures. The security apparatus has been significantly enhanced over the years in response to evolving threats.

  • Central Security Force (CSF): The Parliament Duty Group (PDG) of the Central Security Force is responsible for the overall security of Parliament House. This includes perimeter security, access control, and surveillance.
  • Delhi Police: The Delhi Police provides additional security support, particularly during sessions of Parliament and special events.
  • Surveillance Technology: Parliament House is equipped with advanced surveillance technologies, including CCTV cameras, metal detectors, and bomb detectors.
  • Access Control: Access to Parliament House is strictly controlled, with multiple layers of security checks. Only authorized personnel, including Members of Parliament, government officials, and media representatives, are allowed entry.
  • Cybersecurity: With increasing reliance on technology, cybersecurity has become a critical aspect of Parliament House security. Measures are in place to protect parliamentary networks and data from cyberattacks.

Recent security breaches have prompted further reviews and upgrades of security protocols. The emphasis is on maintaining a balance between security and accessibility, ensuring that Parliament House remains open to the public while safeguarding its integrity.

Recent Developments and the New Parliament Building

In recent years, Parliament House has faced challenges related to space constraints and aging infrastructure. The existing building was designed to accommodate a smaller number of parliamentarians, and the increasing size of the Indian Parliament necessitated a new, larger building.

In December 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for the new Parliament Building, located adjacent to the existing Parliament House. The new building is being constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji Group and is designed to be more modern, spacious, and technologically advanced.

  • Features of the New Parliament Building:
   * Increased seating capacity: The new Lok Sabha chamber will accommodate up to 888 members, while the Rajya Sabha chamber will accommodate up to 384 members.
   * Centralised data management: A unified data management system will be implemented for efficient information flow.
   * Advanced technology: The new building will incorporate state-of-the-art audio-visual systems and digital infrastructure.
   * Earthquake resistance: The building is designed to withstand severe earthquakes.
   * Accessibility: The new building will be fully accessible to people with disabilities.
   * Indigenous artwork: The new building will showcase Indian art and culture through murals, sculptures, and other artworks.

The new Parliament Building is expected to be completed in October 2023 and is intended to be the permanent home of the Indian Parliament. The existing Parliament House will be repurposed and may be converted into a museum showcasing India’s parliamentary history. The move to the new building is part of the Central Vista redevelopment project, a large-scale urban planning initiative aimed at revitalizing the heart of New Delhi.

Role in Indian Democracy

Parliament House is the cornerstone of Indian democracy, representing the will of the people and providing a platform for diverse voices to be heard. It plays a vital role in shaping the nation’s policies, laws, and future.

  • Lawmaking: Parliament is responsible for enacting laws that govern the country, covering a wide range of subjects, including economic development, social welfare, and national security.
  • Accountability: Parliament holds the executive branch of government accountable through questions, debates, and committees.
  • Representation: Parliament represents the interests of the people of India, providing a forum for their concerns and aspirations to be addressed.
  • Deliberation and Debate: Parliament fosters deliberation and debate on important issues, promoting informed decision-making.
  • Constitutional Amendments: Parliament has the power to amend the Indian Constitution, adapting it to changing circumstances.

Parliament House is not merely a physical structure; it is a symbol of India’s democratic values – liberty, equality, and justice. It represents the aspirations of a billion-plus people and embodies the spirit of self-governance.

See Also

External Links

Trading & Financial Strategies (Related Concepts)

While Parliament House itself is not directly related to financial markets, understanding the political and economic climate shaped within its walls is crucial for informed investment decisions. Here are some related concepts:

  • **Political Risk Analysis**: Assessing the impact of political events (like policy changes debated in Parliament) on investments. Political Risk
  • **Government Bond Yields**: Influenced by government spending and fiscal policy approved by Parliament. Bond Yields
  • **Economic Indicators**: Legislation passed in Parliament can impact key economic indicators like GDP, inflation, and unemployment. GDP Inflation Rate Unemployment Rate
  • **Sector Rotation**: Changes in government policy can lead to sector rotation in the stock market. Sector Rotation Strategy
  • **Top-Down Investing**: Analyzing macroeconomic trends (influenced by Parliament) before making investment decisions. Top-Down Analysis
  • **Value Investing**: Identifying undervalued companies that may benefit from favorable policy changes. Value Investing
  • **Growth Investing**: Investing in companies poised to benefit from economic growth driven by government initiatives. Growth Investing
  • **Technical Analysis**: Using charts and patterns to predict market movements, often reacting to news originating from Parliament. Candlestick Patterns Moving Averages Bollinger Bands
  • **Fundamental Analysis**: Evaluating a company's intrinsic value based on financial statements and economic factors influenced by parliamentary decisions. Financial Ratios Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)
  • **Trend Following**: Identifying and capitalizing on market trends that may be influenced by government policies. MACD Relative Strength Index (RSI)
  • **Mean Reversion**: Betting that prices will revert to their average after being influenced by political news. Stochastic Oscillator
  • **Hedging Strategies**: Using financial instruments to mitigate political risk. Options Trading Futures Contracts
  • **Monte Carlo Simulation**: Modeling potential investment outcomes based on various political and economic scenarios. Risk Management
  • **Scenario Planning**: Developing investment strategies based on different possible political and economic futures. Contingency Planning
  • **Correlation Analysis**: Identifying relationships between political events and market movements. Regression Analysis
  • **Volatility Analysis**: Measuring the degree of price fluctuation in response to political uncertainty. Implied Volatility
  • **Market Sentiment Analysis**: Gauging investor attitudes towards the market, often influenced by political news. Fear & Greed Index
  • **Event-Driven Investing**: Capitalizing on investment opportunities created by specific political events. Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A)
  • **Quantitative Trading**: Using algorithms to automatically execute trades based on political and economic data. Algorithmic Trading
  • **High-Frequency Trading (HFT)**: Executing a large number of orders at very high speeds, often reacting to news releases from Parliament. Order Book Analysis
  • **Arbitrage**: Exploiting price differences in different markets based on political information. Statistical Arbitrage
  • **News Trading**: Making investment decisions based on breaking news from Parliament. Sentiment Analysis
  • **Gap Analysis**: Identifying price gaps that occur after significant political announcements. Support and Resistance Levels
  • **Fibonacci Retracement**: Identifying potential support and resistance levels based on Fibonacci sequences, often used in conjunction with political news. Elliott Wave Theory

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