Manual:Configuration

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  1. Manual:Configuration

This article details the configuration of a MediaWiki installation, geared towards beginners. Understanding configuration is crucial for tailoring your wiki to specific needs, whether it's a small personal project or a large collaborative website. We will cover the key configuration files, common settings, and methods for making changes.

Introduction to MediaWiki Configuration

MediaWiki’s behavior is governed by a series of configuration files and settings. These dictate everything from the site's name and logo to database connection details and user permissions. Incorrect configuration can lead to a non-functional wiki, so it's important to understand the process and take precautions. The primary configuration file is `LocalSettings.php`, but several other files and database tables also contribute to the overall setup. This article focuses primarily on `LocalSettings.php` as it's the most commonly modified file.

Core Configuration Files

  • `LocalSettings.php`: This is *the* central configuration file. It's located in the root directory of your MediaWiki installation. It contains essential settings like database credentials, the wiki's URL, and various site-specific configurations. You’ll spend most of your time editing this file.
  • `DefaultSettings.php`: This file contains default settings that are used if a setting is not explicitly defined in `LocalSettings.php`. *Do not directly edit* `DefaultSettings.php`. Instead, override settings in `LocalSettings.php`.
  • `configuration.php`: Introduced in MediaWiki 1.23, this file allows you to define certain settings separately from `LocalSettings.php`, particularly those related to extensions. It's often used for settings that shouldn’t be directly committed to version control.
  • Database Tables: Numerous settings are stored within the MediaWiki database itself. These settings can be modified via the Special:Settings page (accessible to administrators) or directly using SQL queries (advanced).

Understanding LocalSettings.php

`LocalSettings.php` is a PHP file. It must be a valid PHP file to function correctly. Here's a breakdown of the common sections and settings you'll encounter:

  • `$wgSitename`: Sets the name of your wiki. This appears in the page title and various locations throughout the interface. Example: `$wgSitename = "My Awesome Wiki";`
  • `$wgServer`: Defines the URL of your MediaWiki installation. This is crucial for generating correct links. Example: `$wgServer = "https://www.example.com/wiki";`
  • `$wgScriptPath`: Specifies the path to `index.php` relative to the wiki's URL. Typically, this will be "/wiki". Example: `$wgScriptPath = "/wiki";`
  • Database Configuration: This section defines the connection details for your wiki's database. This is arguably the most critical part of the configuration.
   *   `$wgDBtype`: The database type (e.g., "mysql", "postgresql", "sqlite").
   *   `$wgDBserver`: The database server hostname or IP address.
   *   `$wgDBname`: The name of the database.
   *   `$wgDBuser`: The database username.
   *   `$wgDBpassword`: The database password.
   *   `$wgDBport`: The port number of the database server.
  • `$wgSecretKey`: A randomly generated string used for cryptographic purposes. *This is extremely important for security.* MediaWiki will prompt you to generate this during the installation process. Keep it secret!
  • `$wgUploadDirectory`: The directory where uploaded files (images, documents, etc.) will be stored.
  • `$wgUploadPath`: The URL path to the upload directory.
  • `$wgLanguagePath`: The directory containing language files.
  • `$wgCacheDirectory`: The directory where MediaWiki will store cached data. This can significantly improve performance.
  • `$wgSessionCacheDirectory`: The directory where MediaWiki will store session data.
  • `$wgEnableEmail`: Enables or disables email functionality.
  • `$wgSMTP`: Configures the SMTP server for sending emails.
  • `$wgDefaultUserOptions`: Defines default user preferences.

Making Changes to LocalSettings.php

1. **Backup:** *Always* create a backup of `LocalSettings.php` before making any changes. This allows you to revert to the original configuration if something goes wrong. 2. **Edit:** Use a text editor to open `LocalSettings.php`. Ensure the editor supports UTF-8 encoding. 3. **Modify:** Locate the setting you want to change and modify its value. 4. **Save:** Save the changes to the file. 5. **Test:** Access your wiki through your web browser to verify that the changes have taken effect and that the wiki is still functioning correctly. Clear your browser cache if you don’t see the changes immediately.

Common Configuration Tasks

  • **Changing the Site Name and URL:** Modify `$wgSitename` and `$wgServer` as described above.
  • **Configuring Database Access:** Ensure the database credentials are correct. Incorrect credentials will prevent the wiki from loading.
  • **Enabling Email:** Set `$wgEnableEmail` to `true` and configure the SMTP settings in `$wgSMTP`. This allows users to receive notifications and reset passwords.
  • **Setting the Upload Directory:** Modify `$wgUploadDirectory` and `$wgUploadPath` to specify where uploaded files should be stored and accessed. Ensure the directory is writable by the web server user.
  • **Enabling and Configuring Extensions:** Extensions add functionality to your wiki. See Manual:Extension installation for details. Configuration settings for extensions are typically defined in `LocalSettings.php` or `configuration.php`.
  • **Adjusting Caching:** Configure `$wgCacheDirectory` to improve performance. The default settings are usually sufficient for small wikis, but larger wikis may benefit from more advanced caching configurations.
  • **Setting the Default Skin:** Choose a different skin by setting `$wgDefaultSkin`. Available skins are listed in Manual:Skins.

Important Considerations

  • **Security:** Protect `LocalSettings.php` from unauthorized access. Restrict file system permissions to prevent others from modifying it. Use a strong `$wgSecretKey`.
  • **UTF-8 Encoding:** Ensure that `LocalSettings.php` is saved in UTF-8 encoding to support multilingual content.
  • **PHP Errors:** If you encounter errors after modifying `LocalSettings.php`, check the web server’s error logs for details. Common errors include syntax errors in PHP code and incorrect file paths. Enable PHP error reporting during development to help identify issues.
  • **Permissions:** Ensure that the web server user has the necessary permissions to read and write to the required directories, including the upload directory and cache directory.
  • **Caching:** After making changes to `LocalSettings.php`, clear the MediaWiki cache to ensure that the new settings are applied. This can be done through the Special:Purge page or by deleting the contents of the cache directory.
  • **Version Control:** For larger wikis, consider using a version control system (e.g., Git) to track changes to `LocalSettings.php` and other configuration files.

Advanced Configuration

Beyond the basic settings, MediaWiki offers a wide range of advanced configuration options. These options are documented in the MediaWiki documentation: [1](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Configuration). Some advanced configuration tasks include:

  • **Customizing the Search Engine:** MediaWiki supports different search engines. You can configure the search engine to use different indexing methods and ranking algorithms.
  • **Configuring URL Rewriting:** URL rewriting can make your wiki’s URLs more user-friendly and SEO-friendly.
  • **Setting up a Load Balancer:** For high-traffic wikis, a load balancer can distribute traffic across multiple servers to improve performance and reliability.
  • **Configuring External Authentication:** MediaWiki can be integrated with external authentication providers, such as LDAP or OAuth.
  • **Database Replication:** Database replication can improve performance and availability.

Troubleshooting Common Configuration Issues

  • **White Screen of Death:** This usually indicates a PHP error in `LocalSettings.php`. Check the web server’s error logs.
  • **Database Connection Error:** Verify the database credentials in `LocalSettings.php`.
  • **Images Not Uploading:** Ensure the upload directory is writable by the web server user and that the `$wgUploadDirectory` and `$wgUploadPath` settings are correct.
  • **Email Not Sending:** Verify the SMTP settings in `$wgSMTP`. Check the mail server’s logs for errors.
  • **Wiki Not Loading:** Check the web server’s configuration and ensure that MediaWiki is properly configured. Also, verify file permissions.

Resources

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