Help:User rights
- Help:User rights
User rights in MediaWiki determine what actions a user is allowed to perform on a wiki. They are a fundamental aspect of wiki administration, allowing administrators to control access to sensitive functions and maintain the integrity of the site. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of user rights for beginners, covering their types, how they're assigned, and their implications.
Understanding User Groups and Rights
MediaWiki employs a system of user groups to categorize users and assign rights collectively. Each user group is associated with a specific set of permissions. Instead of assigning individual rights to each user, administrators usually assign users to groups. This simplifies management and ensures consistency.
The most common user groups are:
- Users (or Registered Users): This is the default group for all registered users. They generally have the right to edit existing pages, create new non-system pages, and use their user talk page.
- Administrators (or Sysops): Administrators have the highest level of access and can perform nearly any action on the wiki, including deleting pages, blocking users, protecting pages, modifying site configuration, and managing user rights. They are responsible for the overall health and security of the wiki. See Help:Administrators for more details.
- Bureaucrats: Bureaucrats have even higher privileges than administrators. They can grant and revoke administrator rights, manage user groups, and perform other administrative tasks that administrators cannot. They're essential for managing the administrator team.
- Moderators: Moderators typically have the ability to review and approve edits, delete revisions, and protect pages, but generally have less power than administrators. This group is often used in wikis with high traffic or a need for content moderation.
- Rollbackers: Rollbackers are users specifically granted the ability to quickly revert vandalism or unwanted edits. This requires the `rollback` right.
- Autoconfirmed Users: Users automatically become autoconfirmed after a certain number of edits and a specified account age. Autoconfirmed users can edit semi-protected pages. This is a security measure to prevent new users from vandalizing important pages.
- Confirmed Users: Similar to Autoconfirmed, but often requires manual confirmation from an administrator or a more stringent set of criteria.
Beyond these standard groups, administrators can create custom user groups tailored to the specific needs of their wiki. This allows for granular control over permissions.
Common User Rights
Within each user group, individual user rights define the specific actions a user can take. Here’s a breakdown of some of the most important user rights:
- read: The ability to view wiki pages. Almost all users have this right.
- edit: The ability to edit existing wiki pages. Registered users typically have this right.
- create: The ability to create new wiki pages. Registered users typically have this right, although it can be restricted.
- move: The ability to move (rename) wiki pages. This is often restricted to autoconfirmed or higher users.
- delete: The ability to delete wiki pages. Restricted to administrators.
- undelete: The ability to restore deleted wiki pages. Restricted to administrators.
- protect: The ability to protect wiki pages from editing. Restricted to administrators.
- unprotect: The ability to remove protection from wiki pages. Restricted to administrators.
- block: The ability to block users from editing. Restricted to administrators.
- unblock: The ability to remove a block from a user. Restricted to administrators.
- browsearchistory: The ability to view the full edit history of a page.
- viewsuppressed: The ability to view suppressed (deleted) revisions. Restricted to administrators and users with specific rights.
- createsuppressed: The ability to create suppressed revisions. Restricted to administrators.
- deletesuppressed: The ability to delete suppressed revisions. Restricted to administrators.
- revisionsdelete: The ability to delete specific revisions of a page. Restricted to administrators and users with specific rights.
- reprotect: The ability to change the level of protection on a page. Restricted to administrators.
- rollback: The ability to quickly revert edits, often used for vandalism. Assigned to Rollbackers.
- bypassimgprotection: Allows a user to view images even if image protection is active.
- editprotected: Allows a user to edit protected pages. Usually granted to administrators or experienced editors.
- patrolmarks: Allows a user to mark edits as patrolled (reviewed).
This is not an exhaustive list, but it covers the most frequently used rights. A complete list can be found in the MediaWiki documentation. Help:Contents provides links to more detailed information.
Assigning User Rights
User rights are assigned through the Special:UserRights page. This page is only accessible to administrators and bureaucrats.
Here's how to assign rights:
1. Access Special:UserRights: Navigate to `Special:UserRights` via the special pages menu (usually found in the toolbox on the left side of the wiki). 2. Enter Username: Enter the username of the user whose rights you want to modify. 3. Select Groups/Rights: A list of user groups and individual rights will appear. Check the boxes next to the groups or rights you want to assign. 4. Save Changes: Click the "Save changes" button to apply the new rights.
It's crucial to be careful when assigning rights, especially powerful ones like administrator or bureaucrat. Incorrectly assigned rights can compromise the security and stability of the wiki. Always double-check your changes before saving.
Understanding the Implications of Different Rights
Let's delve deeper into the implications of some key rights:
- Edit and Create: These are fundamental rights for contributing to the wiki. Restricting these rights can limit participation, but may be necessary to prevent spam or vandalism. Consider using Help:Semi-protection and Help:Full protection to control editing access to specific pages.
- Move: Allowing users to move pages can be useful for organization, but it also carries the risk of accidental or malicious renaming. Autoconfirmed users are generally considered trustworthy enough to have this right.
- Delete: This is a highly sensitive right. Only administrators should have the ability to delete pages, as deletion is irreversible (though pages can often be undeleted).
- Protect: Page protection is a vital tool for preventing unwanted edits to important pages. Administrators use protection to safeguard against vandalism, edit wars, and accidental changes. Different levels of protection are available (e.g., semi-protection, full protection).
- Block: Blocking users is a necessary measure for dealing with disruptive behavior. Administrators should use blocking judiciously, considering the severity of the offense and the user's history.
Best Practices for Managing User Rights
- Least Privilege: Grant users only the minimum rights necessary for their tasks. Avoid giving users more access than they need.
- Regular Review: Periodically review user rights to ensure they are still appropriate. Users' roles and responsibilities may change over time.
- Documentation: Maintain clear documentation of your wiki's user rights policies and procedures.
- Transparency: Be transparent about how user rights are assigned and managed.
- Training: Provide training to administrators on how to properly manage user rights.
- Audit Log: Regularly review the audit log (accessible to administrators) to monitor changes to user rights. Help:Logs explains how to access these logs.
- Consider a Rights Management Policy: A formal policy outlining the criteria for granting and revoking rights can help ensure consistency and fairness.
Advanced Concepts
- Rights Groups: You can define custom rights groups to simplify the assignment of multiple rights at once.
- Right Cascading: Rights can cascade from user groups to individual users. For example, an administrator automatically inherits all the rights of a registered user.
- API Access: The MediaWiki API allows programmatic access to user rights, enabling automated rights management (though this requires advanced technical skills).
- Extension:OAuth2: This extension allows users to authenticate using external services (like Google or Facebook), potentially granting them specific rights based on their external identity.
Troubleshooting User Rights Issues
- User Can't Edit: Check if the user is logged in, if the page is protected, and if the user has the `edit` right.
- User Can't Create Pages: Check if the user has the `create` right and if any restrictions are in place on creating new pages.
- User Can't Move Pages: Check if the user has the `move` right and if the page is protected.
- Unexpected Behavior: If a user is experiencing unexpected behavior, double-check their assigned rights and group memberships.
If you're still having trouble, consult the MediaWiki documentation or seek assistance from experienced administrators on your wiki. Help:Where to get help provides resources for getting support.
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