Help:Tables

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  1. Help:Tables

Introduction

Tables are a fundamental element in organizing and presenting information on a wiki, including MediaWiki. They allow you to arrange data in rows and columns, making it easier to read and understand. This page provides a comprehensive guide to creating and formatting tables in MediaWiki, geared towards beginners. We will cover basic table syntax, adding borders, controlling width, spanning cells, styling with CSS classes, and advanced techniques. Understanding tables is crucial for creating well-structured and informative wiki pages. This guide assumes you are using MediaWiki version 1.40 or later. For more complex formatting options, consider exploring Help:Formatting.

Basic Table Syntax

The core of a MediaWiki table is built around three characters: the pipe (|), the plus sign (+), and the equals sign (=). Let's break down the simplest table structure:

```wiki

Caption for the table
Header 1 Header 2 Header 3
Row 1, Cell 1 Row 1, Cell 2 Row 1, Cell 3
Row 2, Cell 1 Row 2, Cell 2 Row 2, Cell 3

```

  • `{|` and `|}`: These mark the beginning and end of the table.
  • `|+`: This introduces a caption for the table, displayed above the table content. This is optional.
  • `|-`: This signifies the start of a new table row.
  • `!`: Used within a row to define a header cell. Header cells are typically bold and centered.
  • `!!`: Used to separate header cells within a header row. This is important for proper formatting.
  • `|`: Used to define a regular data cell.
  • `||`: Used to separate data cells within a row.

Let's examine each component in detail. The `class="wikitable"` attribute assigns the default wiki table styling, providing borders and basic formatting. Without this, the table will render without visible borders. The `|+` tag allows you to add a descriptive caption to your table. The `|-` tag is essential for creating each new row. Within each row, `!` signifies a header cell, making that cell bold and centered by default. Using `||` separates the cells within each row.

Adding Borders and Controlling Width

By default, MediaWiki tables have borders thanks to the `wikitable` class. However, you can customize the appearance further.

  • **Borders:** You can control the border width and style using CSS. Add the `border` property to the `wikitable` class or create a custom class. For example:
   ```wiki
Example with thicker border
Header 1 Header 2
Data 1 Data 2 
   ```
  • **Width:** You can specify the table width using the `width` property in the table's style attribute. You can use pixels (`px`), percentages (`%`), or ems (`em`).
   ```wiki
Example with 80% width
Header 1 Header 2
Data 1 Data 2 
   ```

   You can also set the width of individual columns using the `style` attribute within each cell. However, this is generally less maintainable than setting the overall table width.

Spanning Cells

Sometimes you need cells to span multiple rows or columns. MediaWiki provides attributes for this:

  • **`colspan`:** Makes a cell span multiple columns.
  • **`rowspan`:** Makes a cell span multiple rows.

Here's an example:

```wiki

Example with spanned cells
Header 1 Header 2 Header 3
Data 1 Spanning two columns
Spanning two rows Data 2
Data 3

```

In this example, the cell containing "Spanning two columns" spans two columns. The cell containing "Spanning two rows" spans two rows. It's important to note that when using `rowspan`, you need to leave the corresponding cells in subsequent rows empty to avoid rendering errors.

Styling with CSS Classes

Using CSS classes is the preferred method for styling tables in MediaWiki. You can define custom classes in your wiki's CSS (often in `MediaWiki:Common.css` or a skin-specific CSS file). Then, apply these classes to your tables using the `class` attribute.

For example, let's say you define the following CSS class:

```css .my-custom-table { 

 background-color: #f0f0f0;
 border-collapse: collapse;

}

.my-custom-table th { 

 background-color: #e0e0e0;
 font-weight: bold;

} ```

You can then use it in your wiki page like this:

```wiki

Example with custom styling
Header 1 Header 2
Data 1 Data 2

```

This will apply the background color and border-collapse properties to the entire table and the background color and font-weight properties to the header cells. Remember to purge the cache after modifying CSS files to ensure the changes are reflected on the wiki. For more details on CSS, see Help:CSS.

Advanced Table Features

  • **Sorting:** MediaWiki offers basic table sorting capabilities using the `<sortable>` tag. However, this feature is sometimes disabled or requires specific configuration.
  • **Alignment:** You can control the alignment of text within cells using the `style` attribute. For example: `| style="text-align: center;" | Data 1`.
  • **Colors:** You can change the background color of cells using the `style` attribute: `| style="background-color: #ffcc00;" | Data 1`.
  • **Table Templates:** For frequently used table structures, consider creating Help:Templates to simplify the editing process and ensure consistency.
  • **Using Lua Modules:** For very complex table generation or data manipulation, consider using Help:Lua modules.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting

  • **Table Not Rendering Correctly:** Check for mismatched `{|` and `|}` tags. Ensure you have `|-` tags for each row. Verify that `colspan` and `rowspan` values are correct and that you've left the appropriate cells empty in subsequent rows.
  • **Borders Not Showing:** Make sure you've included the `wikitable` class or defined borders in your custom CSS.
  • **Alignment Problems:** Double-check the `text-align` property in the `style` attribute.
  • **Purge Cache:** After making changes to CSS or templates, purge the page cache to see the updates. You can do this by editing the page and saving it with no changes, or by using the "Purge" button (if available).

Example: Stock Market Data Table

Let's create a table to display some basic stock market data. This example incorporates several concepts discussed above.

```wiki

Stock Performance - Last Week
Stock Symbol Last Price Change % Change Volume
Apple Inc. AAPL $170.34 +$2.50 +1.48% 85,000,000
Microsoft Corp. MSFT $330.20 -$1.00 -0.30% 60,000,000
Amazon.com Inc. AMZN $145.00 +$3.75 +2.65% 70,000,000
Alphabet Inc. (Google) GOOGL $150.50 +$1.25 +0.83% 55,000,000
Tesla, Inc. TSLA $250.75 -$5.00 -1.96% 90,000,000

```

This table demonstrates how to display data in a structured format, including stock symbols, prices, changes, percentage changes, and volume. The `border-collapse: collapse;` style attribute removes the spacing between table cells.

Resources and Further Learning

Related Financial Concepts

To further enhance your understanding of the data presented in tables like the stock market example, consider these related concepts:

  • **Technical Analysis:** [1] The study of past market data to predict future price movements.
  • **Fundamental Analysis:** [2] Evaluating a company's intrinsic value by examining its financial statements.
  • **Moving Averages:** [3] A popular technical indicator used to smooth out price data.
  • **Relative Strength Index (RSI):** [4] An oscillator used to measure the magnitude of recent price changes.
  • **MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence):** [5] A trend-following momentum indicator.
  • **Bollinger Bands:** [6] A volatility indicator that uses statistical calculations.
  • **Fibonacci Retracement:** [7] A tool used to identify potential support and resistance levels.
  • **Candlestick Patterns:** [8] Visual representations of price movements.
  • **Support and Resistance Levels:** [9] Price levels where the price tends to stop and reverse.
  • **Trend Lines:** [10] Lines drawn on a chart to identify the direction of a trend.
  • **Volume Analysis:** [11] The study of trading volume to confirm trends and identify potential reversals.
  • **Market Capitalization:** [12] The total value of a company's outstanding shares.
  • **Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio):** [13] A valuation ratio that compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share.
  • **Earnings Per Share (EPS):** [14] A company's profit divided by its outstanding shares.
  • **Dividend Yield:** [15] The percentage of a company's stock price that it pays out in dividends.
  • **Beta:** [16] A measure of a stock's volatility relative to the overall market.
  • **Alpha:** [17] A measure of a stock's performance relative to its benchmark.
  • **Correlation:** [18] A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables.
  • **Volatility:** [19] The degree of variation of a trading price series over time.
  • **Risk Tolerance:** [20] An investor's ability to withstand losses.
  • **Diversification:** [21] Spreading investments across different assets to reduce risk.
  • **Bear Market:** [22] A prolonged period of declining stock prices.
  • **Bull Market:** [23] A prolonged period of rising stock prices.
  • **Day Trading:** [24] Buying and selling securities within the same day.
  • **Swing Trading:** [25] Holding securities for several days or weeks to profit from price swings.

Help:Contents

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