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  1. Template:Math – A Beginner's Guide to Mathematical Formatting in MediaWiki

This article provides a comprehensive guide to using the `Template:Math` in MediaWiki, enabling you to display complex mathematical formulas and notations beautifully within your wiki pages. It's designed for users with little to no prior experience with LaTeX or mathematical typesetting. We will cover the fundamentals, common symbols, advanced features, troubleshooting, and best practices. This guide assumes you are using MediaWiki 1.40 or a later version, which supports the necessary extensions.

What is Template:Math?

`Template:Math` is a MediaWiki template that allows you to render mathematical expressions using LaTeX (a widely used typesetting system for scientific and mathematical documents). MediaWiki itself doesn’t natively understand mathematical notation; it needs a way to interpret and display it correctly. `Template:Math` acts as a bridge, converting your LaTeX code into visually appealing mathematical formulas that can be viewed in a web browser.

Essentially, it provides two main ways to display math:

  • **Inline Math:** Formulas that appear *within* a line of text. These are typically used for simple equations or variables. Enclosed in single dollar signs (`$ ... $`).
  • **Display Math:** Formulas that are displayed on a separate line, centered, and often with more spacing. These are used for more complex equations or theorems. Enclosed in double dollar signs (`$$ ... $$`).

Prerequisites

Before you start using `Template:Math`, ensure the following:

  • **LaTeX Support:** Your MediaWiki installation must have the `math` extension enabled. This is usually handled by the wiki administrator. If you’re unsure, contact them. Without this extension, `Template:Math` will simply display the raw LaTeX code instead of rendering the formula.
  • **Basic LaTeX Knowledge (Recommended):** While this guide aims to get you started without extensive LaTeX knowledge, understanding the basics will significantly enhance your ability to create complex formulas. Resources like [1](https://www.latex-project.org/) and [2](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX) are excellent starting points.
  • **Understanding of Mathematical Notation:** A basic understanding of the mathematical concepts you are trying to represent is crucial.

Basic Syntax

The core syntax for using `Template:Math` is straightforward:

  • **Inline Math:** `$ equation $`
  • **Display Math:** `$$ equation $$`

Replace "equation" with your LaTeX code. For example:

  • `$E = mc^2$` renders as $E = mc^2$
  • `$$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) $$` renders as
   $$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = F(b) - F(a) $$

Common Mathematical Symbols

Here's a table of commonly used LaTeX symbols and their corresponding MediaWiki/Template:Math representations:

| **Symbol** | **LaTeX Code** | **Rendering** | **Description** | |---|---|---|---| | Plus | `+` | + | Addition | | Minus | `-` | - | Subtraction | | Times | `\times` | × | Multiplication | | Divide | `\div` or `/` | ÷ | Division | | Equals | `=` | = | Equality | | Not Equals | `\neq` | ≠ | Inequality | | Less Than | `<` | < | Less than | | Greater Than | `>` | > | Greater than | | Less Than or Equal To | `\leq` | ≤ | Less than or equal to | | Greater Than or Equal To | `\geq` | ≥ | Greater than or equal to | | Pi | `\pi` | π | Pi (3.14159...) | | Infinity | `\infty` | ∞ | Infinity | | Square Root | `\sqrt{x}` | √x | Square root of x | | Nth Root | `\sqrt[n]{x}` | ⁿ√x | Nth root of x | | Exponent | `x^n` | xⁿ | x raised to the power of n | | Subscript | `x_n` | xn | x with subscript n | | Superscript | `x^n` | xn | x with superscript n | | Summation | `\sum_{i=1}^n x_i` | ∑i=1n xi | Summation from i=1 to n | | Integral | `\int_a^b f(x) \, dx` | ∫ab f(x) dx | Integral from a to b | | Fraction | `\frac{a}{b}` | a/b | Fraction a over b | | Angle | `\angle` | ∠ | Angle | | Degree | `^\circ` | ° | Degree symbol | | Trigonometric Functions | `\sin(x)`, `\cos(x)`, `\tan(x)` | sin(x), cos(x), tan(x) | Sine, Cosine, Tangent | | Logarithm | `\log(x)` | log(x) | Logarithm | | Natural Logarithm | `\ln(x)` | ln(x) | Natural Logarithm | | Limit | `\lim_{x \to a} f(x)` | limx→a f(x) | Limit of f(x) as x approaches a | | Derivative | `\frac{df}{dx}` | df/dx | Derivative of f with respect to x |

Advanced Features

  • **Matrices:** Use the `\begin{matrix} ... \end{matrix}` environment. Separate elements with `&` (for columns) and `\\` (for rows). For example:
   `$$ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{matrix} $$` renders as
   $$ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{matrix} $$
  • **Alignments:** For aligning multiple equations, use the `\begin{align} ... \end{align}` environment. Use `&` to specify the alignment point.
  • **Environments:** LaTeX offers numerous environments for specific mathematical structures (e.g., `cases` for piecewise functions, `array` for more complex matrices). Refer to LaTeX documentation for details.
  • **Greek Letters:** Use `\alpha`, `\beta`, `\gamma`, `\delta`, etc. For uppercase letters, use `\Alpha`, `\Beta`, `\Gamma`, `\Delta`, etc.
  • **Brackets and Parentheses:** Use `\left( ... \right)` for automatically sized brackets. For example: `\left( \frac{a}{b} \right)`
  • **Spacing:** Use `\,` for a small space, `\;` for a medium space, and `\:` for a large space. `\quad` and `\qquad` provide even larger spaces.
  • **Colors:** While direct color support within `Template:Math` might be limited depending on your MediaWiki configuration, you can sometimes use LaTeX color packages if your administrator has enabled them. Otherwise, consider using HTML color tags around the math formula.

Troubleshooting

  • **Formula Not Rendering:** The most common issue is the `math` extension not being enabled. Confirm with your wiki administrator. Also, ensure your LaTeX code is syntactically correct. Missing brackets or incorrect commands can cause errors.
  • **Garbled Output:** This often indicates a problem with the LaTeX code itself. Check for typos and ensure you are using the correct commands. Try simplifying the equation to isolate the source of the error.
  • **Incorrect Spacing:** Adjust spacing using `\,`, `\;`, `\:` , `\quad`, or `\qquad`.
  • **Symbols Not Displaying:** Ensure you are using the correct LaTeX command for the symbol you want to display. Consult a LaTeX symbol list (see Resources section).
  • **Conflicts with Other Templates:** If you're using other templates on the same page, there might be conflicts. Try isolating the `Template:Math` code to see if it renders correctly on its own.

Best Practices

  • **Keep it Simple:** Avoid overly complex formulas if possible. Break down complicated expressions into smaller, more manageable parts.
  • **Use Comments:** Add comments to your LaTeX code (using `%`) to explain what each part of the formula does. This makes it easier to understand and maintain.
  • **Test Frequently:** Preview your changes often to ensure the formulas are rendering correctly.
  • **Use Inline Math Sparingly:** Excessive inline math can make the text difficult to read. Use display math for more complex equations.
  • **Accessibility:** Consider providing alternative text descriptions for complex formulas to improve accessibility for users with visual impairments.
  • **Consistent Formatting:** Maintain a consistent style throughout your wiki pages.

Resources


Help:Math

Template:Documentation

MediaWiki Help

LaTeX

MathJax

Extension:Math

Help:Formatting

Help:Wiki markup

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