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== XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) ==

Cross-Site Scripting, commonly known as XSS, is a type of security vulnerability typically found in web applications. It allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into webpages viewed by other users. This can lead to unauthorized access, data theft, and other harmful activities. In this article, we’ll explore what XSS is, how it works, and how you can protect yourself from such vulnerabilities.

=== What is XSS? ===
XSS occurs when an attacker injects malicious scripts into content that is then served to other users. These scripts can execute in the victim’s browser, allowing the attacker to steal sensitive information, manipulate web content, or even take control of the user’s session.

There are three main types of XSS:
* **Stored XSS**: The malicious script is permanently stored on the target server, such as in a database or forum post.
* **Reflected XSS**: The malicious script is reflected off a web server, such as in an error message or search result.
* **DOM-based XSS**: The vulnerability exists in the client-side code rather than the server-side code.

=== Examples of XSS ===
Here’s a simple example of a reflected XSS attack:
```html
http://example.com/search?query=<script>alert('XSS')</script>
```
If the website does not properly sanitize user input, the script will execute in the browser, displaying an alert box.

=== How to Protect Against XSS ===
To protect against XSS, follow these best practices:
* **Input Validation**: Always validate and sanitize user input on both the client and server sides.
* **Output Encoding**: Encode data before displaying it in the browser to prevent script execution.
* **Use Security Libraries**: Utilize libraries like OWASP’s ESAPI to handle security concerns.
* **Content Security Policy (CSP)**: Implement CSP headers to restrict the sources of executable scripts.

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=== Conclusion ===
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[[Category:Binary option]]